請注(zhu)意，點開這(zhe)篇文章可能(neng)會讓(rang)你(ni)打(da)哈欠！這(zhe)并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)我(wo)們的(de)節(jie)目太無聊(liao)或者你(ni)會被傳染(ran)上哈欠，而是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)只(zhi)要(yao)我(wo)們看(kan)到別人打(da)哈欠，甚(shen)至只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)想(xiang)想(xiang)這(zhe)個行(xing)為(wei)，都可能(neng)引發我(wo)們來(lai)一個大哈欠！但(dan)這(zhe)究竟是(shi)(shi)為(wei)什(shen)么呢，本集(ji)《隨身英(ying)語》將會解答你(ni)的(de)疑(yi)惑。

　　課文內容

　　Vocabulary:Biology詞匯:生物學

　　It’s a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time:why exactly do we yawn?

　　In a recent breakthrough,scientists have discovered the part of the brain responsible for contagious yawning.It’s called the primary motor cortex,and controls movement in the body.When triggered it makes us yawn.But we can’t choose to yawn–it’s an involuntary imitation of other people.You know how it goes:your friend yawns,you yawn.

　　Knowing which section of the brain is involved is only part of the answer.There is still a deeper question of‘why’.And we don’t only yawn when others do,we sometimes yawn alone.

　　So,let’s start with the physiological theories behind yawning.As far back as 400BC,Greek physician Hippocrates speculated that yawning released harmful gases from the body,like“steam escaping from a cauldron”.His colourful theory is now,sadly,discounted.

　　A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain.Just like a busy computer processor,our brains can overheat.Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany has argued that the act of yawning delivers a rush of oxygen to the brain,helping us think more clearly.

　　What about the connection between yawning and tiredness?We certainly yawn more when we’re feeling sleepy or sluggish,but why is this?Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largely discredited,as we don’t yawn when we exercise,a time when we definitely need more get-up-and-go!

　　Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancient reflex.She told the BBC that it may have started in“the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time-yawning increases cerebral blood flow so can improve alertness.”

　　What about our friends'contagious yawning?Some think it comes down to empathy.While all vertebrate mammals yawn,only humans and chimpanzees‘catch’yawns from others.Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close relatives and friends.Could yawning actually help us cement our closest relationships?

　　If it does,next time you yawn in company,don’t feel too embarrassed.You’re just showing off your people skills.

　　詞匯表

　　contagious會(hui)傳染(ran)的

　　motor肌(ji)肉運動(dong)的(de)，運動(dong)神經的(de)

　　cortex（尤指大腦或其他器(qi)官的）皮層

　　involuntary不由自主(zhu)的

　　physiological生理(li)的

　　physician醫(yi)生（尤指內科醫(yi)生）

　　cauldron（通常指架在火(huo)上的）大鍋

　　colourful有趣的，有聲有色的

　　discounted大(da)打折扣(kou)的，有(you)所減弱的

　　overheat負荷過(guo)多(duo)，承載過(guo)多(duo)

　　rush（身體的）一陣(zhen)感覺(jue)

　　sluggish行動遲緩的

　　discredited受(shou)到懷(huai)疑的，被質(zhi)疑的

　　get-up-and-go干勁

　　reflex本能反應

　　cerebral大腦的

　　come down to歸結為，歸根結底在于

　　empathy共(gong)(gong)鳴，共(gong)(gong)感(gan)

　　vertebrate有脊椎的

　　cement鞏(gong)固(gu)（友誼(yi)）

　　people skills人際交往(wang)能力

　　測驗與練習

　　1.閱讀課文并回答問題。

　　1.Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or strangers?

　　2.Why don’t we think yawning gives you a rush of energy?

　　3.True or false:Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.

　　4.Which word means‘caused something to start’?

　　5.True or false:The author found Hippocrates’idea appealing.

　　2.請你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。

　　1.Professor Li’s theory is ______.It is widely used in academia.

　　discredited discounted valid contagious

　　2.It really ______ to you.If you want something badly enough,you can make it happen.

　　Down come down downs comes down

　　3.A reflex is ______ action.

　　a voluntary an involuntary the voluntary a volunteer

　　4.Tim has great ______.He always knows how to get the best out of his team.

　　people skills empathy skills person skills cerebral skills

　　5.Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the ______.

　　discounting discounted discounts discredit

　　答案

　　1.閱讀課文并回答問題。

　　1.Are we more likely to yawn in the company of our family or strangers?

　　According to the article,we are more likely to yawn when with family and friends.

　　2.Why don’t we think yawning gives you a rush of energy?

　　The theory is no longer popular because if it were true,it would mean we would yawn at times when energy is badly needed,such as during exercise.

　　3.True or false:Humans and chimpanzees are the only mammals which yawn.

　　False.The article says all vertebrate mammals yawn,but it’s only contagious in humans and chimpanzees.

　　4.Which word means‘caused something to start’?

　　Triggered.

　　5.True or false:The author found Hippocrates’idea appealing.

　　True.The author seems to like Hippocrates’idea,calling it“colourful”and saying it was“sad”it was no longer accepted.

　　2.請你在不參考課文的情況下完成下列練習。選擇一個意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。

　　1.Professor Li’s theory is valid.It is widely used in academia.

　　2.It really comes down to you.If you want something badly enough,you can make it happen.

　　3.A reflex is an involuntary action.

　　4.Tim has great people skills.He always knows how to get the best out of his team.

　　5.Wait until January to buy a new jacket and take advantage of the discounts.