劍橋雅思6Test1閱(yue)讀Passage3原文(wen)翻譯(yi)Climate Change and the Inuit，今(jin)天中國教育在線就來為大家分析(xi)這個問題。

Climate Change and the Inuit

氣候變化與因紐特人

劍橋雅思6 Test 1 Passage 3閱讀原文翻譯

A部分

Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic.Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud,following early thaws.There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes,of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts,and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual,carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters.Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us,but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects–if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate,the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer.The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming,cloudier skies,increased precipitation and higher sea levels.Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what’s going on because they consider the Arctic the‘canary in the mine’for global warming–a warning of what’s in store for the rest of the world.

北(bei)極各地都有不尋常事件的(de)報道(dao)。因(yin)提(ti)前(qian)解凍(dong)，乘坐(zuo)雪地摩(mo)托去準備夏(xia)季狩獵營地的(de)因(yin)紐特(te)人(ren)(ren)發現自己被(bei)泥濘的(de)海(hai)水(shui)隔絕了。有報道(dao)說，因(yin)為(wei)積雪滴落并重(zhong)新凍(dong)結，冰(bing)(bing)屋失去了其(qi)隔熱(re)性(xing)；隨著永久凍(dong)土融化，湖(hu)水(shui)被(bei)排入海(hai)中；海(hai)冰(bing)(bing)比(bi)平(ping)時更(geng)(geng)早破裂，使海(hai)豹無法被(bei)獵人(ren)(ren)觸及。對(dui)于我們(men)大多(duo)數人(ren)(ren)來說，氣候變化可(ke)能(neng)仍(reng)然是一個相當(dang)抽象的(de)概念。但是在北(bei)極，它已經產生(sheng)了巨大的(de)影響-如果夏(xia)季冰(bing)(bing)面(mian)繼續以當(dang)前(qian)的(de)速(su)度(du)縮小，則北(bei)冰(bing)(bing)洋可(ke)能(neng)很快在夏(xia)天變得徹底無冰(bing)(bing)。連鎖效應(ying)可(ke)能(neng)包括氣候更(geng)(geng)加溫暖，天空更(geng)(geng)加多(duo)云，降水(shui)量(liang)增(zeng)加和海(hai)平(ping)面(mian)升高。科學家們(men)越來越渴望(wang)弄清楚正在發生(sheng)什么(me)，因(yin)為(wei)他們(men)認為(wei)北(bei)極是全(quan)球變暖中“礦井里(li)的(de)金絲(si)雀”，是對(dui)世界(jie)其(qi)他地區接下來發生(sheng)事情的(de)警告。

B部分

For the Inuit the problem is urgent.They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth.Climate change,whatever its causes,is a direct threat to their way of life.Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals,which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what’s happening.In Canada,where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country’s newest territory,Nunavut,they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science.This is a challenge in itself.

對于因紐(niu)特人(ren)來說，這(zhe)個問題很緊急(ji)。他們(men)(men)與地(di)球上(shang)最(zui)艱(jian)難的(de)(de)環境之(zhi)一共(gong)同(tong)存在于不(bu)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)平(ping)衡中(zhong)。不(bu)論其成文章來自(zi) 雅思因如何，氣候變化(hua)都(dou)直接(jie)威脅著他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活方式。沒有(you)人(ren)像當(dang)地(di)人(ren)那樣了解(jie)北極，這(zhe)也是(shi)為什么(me)他們(men)(men)不(bu)滿(man)足(zu)于簡單地(di)退縮(suo)并讓(rang)外部專家告訴他們(men)(men)所發生(sheng)的(de)(de)事情的(de)(de)原因。在加拿(na)大(da)，因紐(niu)特人(ren)在該(gai)國(guo)最(zui)新領(ling)土努納武(wu)特（Nunavut）捍(han)衛(wei)來之(zhi)不(bu)易的(de)(de)自(zi)治，他們(men)(men)相(xiang)信(xin)在這(zhe)一正(zheng)在變化(hua)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)生(sheng)存的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)希望(wang)在于將其祖先知識與現代(dai)科學的(de)(de)精華相(xiang)結(jie)合。這(zhe)本身(shen)就(jiu)是(shi)一個挑戰。

C部分

The Canadian Arctic is a vast,treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year.Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home.Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings.Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago,surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.The environment tested them to the limits:sometimes the colonists were successful,sometimes they failed and vanished.But around a thousand years ago,one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment.These Thule people moved in from Alaska,bringing kayaks,sleds,dogs,pottery and iron tools.They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people.

加拿大北極地區是(shi)一片廣(guang)闊而寸草不生的(de)極地荒漠，一年(nian)中(zhong)大部分時(shi)(shi)間都覆蓋著白(bai)雪(xue)。冒險(xian)進入(ru)這片土(tu)地，你就會(hui)對(dui)那些將(jiang)其稱之(zhi)為家的(de)人(ren)所(suo)面(mian)臨的(de)困(kun)境有(you)所(suo)了解。農業是(shi)不可能的(de)，自然采集也很少。距(ju)今(jin)4,500年(nian)前(qian)，人(ren)類才開始在(zai)北極定(ding)居(ju)，并通過(guo)利(li)用海洋哺乳(ru)動物和(he)魚類生存。環境將(jiang)他(ta)們逼(bi)到(dao)極限：有(you)時(shi)(shi)殖(zhi)民者(zhe)成功，有(you)時(shi)(shi)他(ta)們失敗并且消失。但是(shi)在(zai)大約(yue)一千年(nian)前(qian)，出現了一個非(fei)常適應北極環境的(de)群體。這些圖勒人(ren)從阿拉斯(si)加遷移過(guo)來，帶來了皮劃艇，雪(xue)橇，狗，陶器和(he)鐵制工(gong)具。他(ta)們是(shi)當(dang)今(jin)因紐特人(ren)的(de)祖先(xian)。

D部分

Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh.Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice,and a handful of islands around the North Pole.It’s currently home to 2,500 people,all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit.Over the past 40 years,most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities,but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.

圖勒人后代的生活仍然嚴峻(jun)。努納武特（Nunavut）是一塊1900萬平方公里(li)土地。它布滿巖石(shi)和冰(bing)山，還包括北(bei)極周(zhou)圍的一些島嶼。目前有2500人居住在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)。除了少數(shu)人之外(wai)，其他全都是土著因紐特人。在(zai)過去40年中(zhong)(zhong)，大多(duo)數(shu)人放棄了游牧方式，定居在(zai)該地區28個孤立的社區之中(zhong)(zhong)，但(dan)他們仍然嚴重依賴自然來提(ti)供食(shi)物和衣物。

Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world,or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer.It would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.Economic opportunities are scarce,and for many people state benefits are their only income.

當地商店中(zhong)的物品必(bi)須經過(guo)世界上最昂貴(gui)的空中(zhong)網絡(luo)之一運到努納武特(te)，或者在夏季(ji)少數幾(ji)個(ge)無冰周里通過(guo)補給(gei)船(chuan)運送。如果一個(ge)家庭用進口(kou)肉類代替他們自(zi)己打(da)獵所獲(huo)得的肉，他們每年將(jiang)花費7000英(ying)鎊。經濟機會稀缺，對許多人來說，國家福利是(shi)他們唯一的收入。

E部分

While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change,there has certainly been an impact on people’s health.Obesity,heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems.There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting,trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear.In Nunavut’s‘igloo and email’society,where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land,there’s a high incidence of depression.

盡管氣(qi)候變(bian)化限制了狩(shou)(shou)獵和(he)(he)誘捕，因(yin)紐特人實際(ji)上并不太可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)餓死。但(dan)這(zhe)無疑對人們的(de)健康產生(sheng)(sheng)了影響。肥胖，心臟(zang)病和(he)(he)糖尿(niao)病開始(shi)在一個之前從來(lai)沒(mei)(mei)有出(chu)現過這(zhe)些問題的(de)人群(qun)中出(chu)現。隨(sui)著傳統的(de)狩(shou)(shou)獵，誘捕和(he)(he)制皮技能(neng)(neng)開始(shi)消(xiao)失，身份(fen)認同出(chu)現危機。在努納武特（Nunavut）的(de)“冰屋與(yu)電(dian)子郵(you)件”社會(hui)(hui)中，在冰屋中出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)成年人所生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)孩子可(ke)能(neng)(neng)從來(lai)沒(mei)(mei)有在外地生(sheng)(sheng)活過，這(zhe)造成抑郁癥的(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)率很高(gao)。

F部分

With so much at stake,the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic.Having survived there for centuries,they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task.And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom,increasingly referred to as‘Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit’,or IQ.‘In the early days,scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything.They just figured these people don’t know very much so we won’t ask them,’says John Amagoalik,an Inuit leader and politician.‘But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.’In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities,who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns.They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests,or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.

有(you)如此多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情(qing)處于危險之中，因紐特人(ren)決心在(zai)探索北極氣候變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)秘密(mi)方(fang)面發揮(hui)關鍵作(zuo)用。在(zai)那(nei)里生存了(le)幾個世紀，他(ta)們(men)(men)相(xiang)信自己豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)知識(shi)對(dui)這項任(ren)務(wu)至關重要(yao)(yao)。西方(fang)科學(xue)家也開始利用這種智慧(hui)，越來越多(duo)地(di)將其稱為“Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit”或IQ。“早些時候，科學(xue)家來我們(men)(men)這里研(yan)究東西時都無視我們(men)(men)。他(ta)們(men)(men)只是認為這些人(ren)了(le)解不(bu)多(duo)，所以我們(men)(men)不(bu)會(hui)問他(ta)們(men)(men)。”因紐特人(ren)領導人(ren)和政治家約翰·阿(a)(a)馬戈阿(a)(a)利克（John Amagoalik）說，“但是近年來，IQ有(you)了(le)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)信譽(yu)和重要(yao)(yao)性”。事(shi)實(shi)上，咨詢(xun)當地(di)社(she)區現(xian)在(zai)已經是任(ren)何想要(yao)(yao)獲得許可(ke)進行研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)基本要(yao)(yao)求。他(ta)們(men)(men)能(neng)夠幫助設立(li)研(yan)究日程，以反映其最主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)關切。他(ta)們(men)(men)可(ke)以拒絕他(ta)們(men)(men)認為會(hui)損害其利益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)家的(de)(de)(de)申請，或者拒絕可(ke)能(neng)對(dui)他(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)日常生活和傳統(tong)活動造成太大影響的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究項目。

G部分

Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn’t go back far enough.Others,however,point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years.There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge,and despite the scientific onslaught,many predictions are no more than best guesses.IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we’re seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.

一(yi)些科學(xue)家懷疑傳(chuan)統知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)，因(yin)為對北極的(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)領(ling)并不夠久(jiu)遠(yuan)。然而(er)，其他人(ren)指出，最北端第一(yi)個氣象站的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)才可以(yi)追溯到50年前。我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)環境知(zhi)識仍然存在巨(ju)大(da)差距。盡管科學(xue)家們(men)努力探索，但許(xu)多(duo)預(yu)測不過是最好的(de)(de)(de)猜測而(er)已(yi)。IQ可以(yi)幫助(zhu)縮小差距，解決巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)不確定(ding)性，即(ji)我(wo)(wo)們(men)看到的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況中有多(duo)少是自然的(de)(de)(de)反復無常，有多(duo)少是人(ren)類活動的(de)(de)(de)結果。

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