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考試-知(zhi)識(shi)點押(ya)題資料

(★機密)

短文寫作

　　一(yi)、基本寫作步驟

　　1.審題

　　所謂(wei)審(shen)題，就是審(shen)清作(zuo)文的要求和所給的材料，如圖表說明、關鍵詞、段(duan)首句(ju)、提綱(gang)等等。

　　審(shen)題(ti)是寫作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)第一(yi)步，也(ye)是文章成功的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵所(suo)在(zai)之一(yi)。在(zai)考試之中，由于時間倉促(cu)，心情緊張，匆(cong)忙審(shen)題(ti)，造(zao)成離題(ti)萬里的(de)(de)現象(xiang)屢見(jian)不鮮。因此可以說能否審(shen)清題(ti)意是作(zuo)(zuo)文、乃至考試成敗的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵。在(zai)平時進行寫作(zuo)(zuo)練(lian)習(xi)的(de)(de)時候(hou)，就(jiu)要有意識地養成認(ren)真(zhen)審(shen)題(ti)，仔細研(yan)究的(de)(de)良好(hao)習(xi)慣。

　　弄(nong)清(qing)(qing)作文(wen)(wen)要求之后(hou)，就要確(que)(que)定文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)的主題(ti)思(si)想。主題(ti)思(si)想明確(que)(que)、深刻，才能確(que)(que)保文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)言之有(you)物(wu)，順理成章(zhang)。圍繞主題(ti)去(qu)構思(si)、寫作文(wen)(wen)章(zhang)，才能思(si)路清(qing)(qing)晰，不致節外生枝離題(ti)萬里。

　　2.提綱

　　提(ti)綱(gang)有(you)利(li)于作者理清思路(lu)。尤其在考場上，根據提(ti)綱(gang)寫(xie)作，能寫(xie)出層次分明，邏輯性強，表(biao)意清晰的好文章(zhang)，可避免考試時(shi)由于情緒緊張而造成的不應有(you)的失誤。

　　提(ti)綱(gang)有多種類(lei)型，可(ke)詳(xiang)(xiang)可(ke)略，寫(xie)作時也可(ke)根據自(zi)己的(de)(de)經驗和(he)特點編寫(xie)適合于自(zi)己的(de)(de)提(ti)綱(gang)。常見的(de)(de)提(ti)綱(gang)種類(lei)有羅(luo)列(lie)式(shi)提(ti)綱(gang)、主(zhu)題(ti)(ti)式(shi)提(ti)綱(gang)、句(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)(zi)式(shi)提(ti)綱(gang)。所謂羅(luo)列(lie)式(shi)提(ti)綱(gang)，就是根據題(ti)(ti)目和(he)所給材料(liao)，圍繞(rao)中心思想，羅(luo)列(lie)一系列(lie)相關的(de)(de)詞(ci)、短語或句(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。主(zhu)題(ti)(ti)式(shi)提(ti)綱(gang)比(bi)較(jiao)簡略，只寫(xie)出文章(zhang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)題(ti)(ti)思想即可(ke)，寫(xie)作時依據主(zhu)題(ti)(ti)思想，圍繞(rao)重點，進行擴充和(he)展開(kai)。句(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)(zi)式(shi)提(ti)綱(gang)比(bi)較(jiao)詳(xiang)(xiang)細，顧名(ming)思義，就是用句(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)(zi)把文章(zhang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)觀點寫(xie)出來。

　　3.成文

　　文(wen)章(zhang)的組織結構：一(yi)定要按所列提綱寫。一(yi)般分(fen)為開頭(tou)、正文(wen)、結尾 3 部分(fen)

　　(1)開頭;如引語法(fa)、主題(ti)句法(fa)、提問(wen)法(fa)、事例法(fa)、描述法(fa)等。

　　常用句式：

　　①

　　There is an old /popular saying /proverb which says /goes…..

　　②

　　Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the importance/

　　seriousness of …

　　③There are different opinions among people as to …Some believe … Others, however, disagree with it. They think…

　　④….has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

　　⑤ One of our ancient philosophers said, …..Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.

　　(2) 主體： 要注意啟承轉(zhuan)合，常用(yong)句(ju)型：

　　① On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ……. They believe

　　…..Moreover, they think…..

　　② There are many ways to ….. First, _____. Second _____. Finally, ______.

　　③ Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to _____.

　　For one thing, ____. For another, ______. Finally, _______. (也可用于結尾(wei))

　　④ Although the popular belief is a fact, a current study(survey/investigation)

　　indicates that...

　　(3) 結尾

　　總結文(wen)章(zhang)的(de)主要內容，或(huo)者(zhe)提(ti)出希望(wang)或(huo)展(zhan)望(wang)未(wei)來(lai)，或(huo)者(zhe)對文(wen)章(zhang)提(ti)出的(de)觀點進行反(fan)問(wen)，啟發讀者(zhe)思考。如：An open China has realized the

　　importance of business. Why should we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture?

　　常用句型：

　　① From what has been discussed /mentioned above, we may conclude that…

　　② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw /come to the conclusion that….

　　③ Only in this way/ in doing so, can sth. be really ….

　　④ Given the reasons /consideration I have just outlined/ discussed/ presented, I strongly recommend that …..

　　無論是(shi)(shi)何種類型(xing)(xing)，英語(yu)(二)作文(wen)基(ji)本上是(shi)(shi)三段式作文(wen)，根據不(bu)同的(de)類型(xing)(xing)，三段的(de)寫法不(bu)同。 所用的(de)模式也不(bu)同。

　　二(er)、各類(lei)型作(zuo)文(wen)的寫法(fa)和(he)常用句型

　　(一)圖(tu)表 / 看圖(tu)作(zuo)文

　　1. 寫作模式：描述圖(tu)表/圖(tu)畫-分析(xi)圖(tu)表/圖(tu)畫-總結全(quan)文(wen)(也(ye)可以展望未來或發出倡議或表明自己的態度)

　　2. 常用(yong)句型：

　　(1)表示說明(ming)的開篇句式：

　　As we can see from the chart / graph / table/ picture…

　　The chart/graph/ table displays/ illustrates/ describes/ indicates/ points out that …

　　It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table/ graph that…

　　The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that …

　　The table/chart /graph shows (that) …

　　According to the table/chart /graph, …

　　As is shown in the table/chart /graph, …

　　As can be seen from the table/chart/ graph/picture, …

　　It can be seen from the figures/statistics that …

　　We can see from the figures/statistics that …

　　As we can see in this picture, …

　　This picture shows that …

　　(2)描(miao)述圖表的句(ju)式(shi)：

　　A takes up/ occupies/ accounts for 20% of the total population/ output/ income/ expenditure/ consumption.

　　On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60%.

　　On the bottom is …, which takes up 20%.

　　Compared with A, B has a higher percentage.

　　A is second to B. (A 僅次于 B。)

　　There was a very slight/ small/ slow/gradual/ steady/ marked/ large/ sharp/

　　rapid/ sudden/ dramatic rise/ increase/ drop/ decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction in 2008.

　　The number of…declines/rises by …% from… to…

　　The number of… remains steady/ stable/ the same…

　　The price leveled off.

　　(3)表明個人觀點的(de)句式

　　As has been shown above, we can safely say that …

　　As far as I am concerned, …To the best of my knowledge, …

　　As to me, ….

　　In my view / opinion, …

　　(4)表示總結概括的句式

　　In conclusion / In summary / In a word / In a nutshell / In brief, …

　　3. 例文：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition

　　on the topic How Are Working People Doing Physical Exercises? You should write

　　150 words or so and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below.

　　1. 描述下(xia)列圖表所表達(da)的信息;

　　2. 談談你對此現象(xiang)的看(kan)法.

　　3.根據此現象提(ti)出(chu)建議

　　Sample writing:

　　As we can see from the chart, on the top of the list is the number of working

　　people seldom doing physical exercises, which accounts for 60%. What follows are

　　working people doing exercises once a month at a percentage of 25%. On the

　　bottom is the number of people doing regular exercises, which takes up only 15%.

　　Although more and more working people are realizing the importance of physical

　　exercises, they cannot spare their limited time to do some exercises because of

　　the heavy burden of supporting their families on their shoulders. Apart from

　　that, their daily lives at the office cannot provide them with the exercise

　　their body needs. Lack of physical exercises is one of the main contributing

　　factors to poor health among the working people.

　　In order to stay healthy and concentrate on their work more efficiently, all

　　people, especially working people should take some physical exercises. Society

　　should encourage people to take exercises regularly. The problem of insufficient

　　exercises among working people should be solved as soon as possible. (174 words)

　　(二(er))對立觀(guan)點型作文(wen)

　　1. 寫(xie)作模式(shi)：引出話題-擺出兩種(zhong)觀(guan)點(dian)-我(wo)的觀(guan)點(dian)

　　2. 常(chang)用句型：

　　(1)點明(ming)主題的常用句型

　　The issue of whether… or not has been widely argued/ debated about.

　　…has become a hot topic among people

　　When it comes to …, people will have a heated discussion.

　　(2)具體介(jie)紹兩種對立觀點的(de)常(chang)用句式

　　Some people suggest/ hold the opinion that… But / However/ Nevertheless/ other

　　people hold a different point of view.

　　Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary, there are many people

　　who won't agree, and they claim…

　　(3)陳述自(zi)己觀點的(de)常用句式

　　In my eyes/ view/ As to me/ To the best of my knowledge/ As far as I am

　　concerned…I'm in favor of…/ I am on the side of/ My favor goes to the former/ latter

　　opinion to some extent. The main reason is that… Furthermore…

　　There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I prefer …to…

　　In my opinion, both sides are partly right. When we… we should take into

　　consideration all aspects of the problem and then make the right decision.

　　Considering one after another, I stand on the side of the latter opinion.

　　As to me, I prefer the former one.

　　請認真(zhen)答(da)題(ti)，答(da)題(ti)結果將記入知識點測(ce)評(ping)的成績!【單選題(ti)】Choose the most suitable topic

　　sentence for the third

　　paragraph in the following passage.The following is a short essay entitled

　　Advertisements based on the following outline. You should choose the most

　　suitable topic sentence for the third paragraph.

　　1. 各種各樣(yang)的(de)廣告隨處可見 2. 人們(men)對廣告持不 同的(de)觀(guan)點(dian) 3. 我認為(wei)……With the advent of material prosperity, advertisements have become more and

　　more important in our daily life. If you are observant enough, it's not

　　difficult for you to notice they appear everywhere. When you walk along the

　　streets, you can see large billboards with pretty girls smiling at you. You read

　　newspapers, and see half of the pages covered with ads. You turn on TV, and you

　　see commercial advertisements time and again. Whether you like it or not,

　　advertisements fill your life.We have to admit that advertisements can play a

　　useful role in our life. For one thing, they give the latest information about

　　products. Were there no advertising, consumers could not know about goods sold

　　in various shops. People can find what they need in the shortest time at the

　　lowest price. For another, more people are attracted by the advertisements to do

　　more shopping, which will boom the economic development. However, there are also

　　some opinions against advertising. Some people think that advertisements do not

　　give much information but only try to persuade you to buy. They create a demand

　　for goods that are not really needed. Besides, advertising adds to the cost of

　　goods. You can see and hear advertisements almost everywhere, which does great

　　harm to people's

　　health.________________________________________________________. We should see

　　the function of them, but we cannot overemphasize it. We can never put our

　　complete trust in what advertisements say. Before making a buying decision, we

　　have to think carefully to make a wise choice.A. As far as I am concerned, I

　　prefer banning advertisements.B. Weighing the pros and cons of advertising, I

　　think being for it is better than being against it.C. To the best of my

　　knowledge, we should have a proper attitude to advertisements.D. Which of the

　　two above-mentioned opinions is more correct?【答(da)案】C

　　【解析(xi)】本(ben)題考查對(dui)立觀(guan)點型作文中引(yin)出個人(ren)觀(guan)點的句(ju)子。A，B 和 C 都可(ke)以作為(wei)引(yin)出個人(ren)

　　觀點的(de)句式，但根據(ju)下文可(ke)以看(kan)出(chu)在本文中作(zuo)者(zhe)保持的(de)是一種中立的(de)態度，并(bing)沒有明(ming)確贊成

　　或反對廣告(gao)，故(gu) A 和 B 都不合適。所以答(da)案為 C。【知(zhi)識點】對立觀點型作文

　　3. 例文：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition

　　on the topic Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck? You should write 150words or so and you should base your composition the outline below.

　　1. 有些人認為某些數字會(hui)帶來好運。

　　2. 有些人認為運氣與數字無關。

　　3. 我認為……

　　Sample writing:

　　Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck?

　　When it comes to whether lucky numbers can bring good luck, people will have a heated discussion. It's very common to see that some people will spend a large

　　sum of money on numbers like "6" or "8" when buying phone numbers or plate

　　numbers for their cars without any reluctance.

　　Some people take it for granted that some lucky numbers can bring them good

　　luck. For instance, the so-called lucky number "8" is widely used now because it

　　is sounded like "getting rich" in Chinese and is believed to bring good fortune.

　　On the contrary, there are many people who won't agree, and they claim that

　　numbers have nothing to do with luck. They regard numbers simply as mathematic

　　symbols for counting. They are anything but a mystery. They laugh at those who

　　think numbers can bring good luck.

　　I'm in favor of the latter opinion. I think our society is very modern now. We

　　mustn't count on the so-called lucky numbers to fulfill our wishes. Whether we

　　can have good luck depends on ourselves. If we work hard, good luck will come to

　　us. (186 words)

　　(三)現象分(fen)析型(xing)作文

　　1. 原因分(fen)析型作(zuo)文

　　(1)寫作模式：引出現象(xiang)-分析引起(qi)現象(xiang)的原因-我的觀點

　　(2)常(chang)用句型(xing)：

　　① 引出現象的句式：

　　With the rapid development of …, many formerly unimaginable things come into

　　reality. The phenomenon of … is an example.

　　With …, … has become an increasingly serious problem in society.

　　With the increase of population, housing shortage is becoming a more and more

　　serious problem in large cities.

　　② 引出原因的句式

　　There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most

　　typical ones.

　　There is probably a variety of reasons for the dramatic increase/decline in …

　　First… Second…Finally…

　　Why did …? For one thing…, for another… Perhaps the primary reason is …

　　The change is chiefly caused by the fact that…

　　The failure mainly comes from several factors that…

　　We can regard … as a result of…

　　A number of factors could account for /contribute to /lead to/ result in…

　　…, partly because …, partly because…

　　2. 后(hou)果分析型作文

　　(1)寫作模式：引出(chu)現(xian)象-分析該現(xian)象的(de)后果或(huo)影響-解(jie)決方(fang)法或(huo)我的(de)觀點(2)常用句型：

　　引出后果或(huo)影響的句式(shi)

　　There are a number of terrible consequences of … Perhaps the most serious one is ….

　　It will have/produce/bring about a far-reaching/profound effect/influence/impact on…

　　The effect / influence / consequence of … is not only limited to… but also

　　This leaves some serious consequences of…

　　It may cause /create/ bring/ result in/ lead to/ give rise to a set of problems.

　　3. 例文：

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic On Fake Commodities

　　You should write 150 words or so and you should base your composition the outline below.

　　1.假冒偽劣商品充(chong)斥(chi)于各個角落

　　2. 假冒偽劣商(shang)品(pin)的原因和危害

　　3.怎樣杜絕(jue)假冒偽(wei)劣商品

　　Sample writing:

　　On Fake Commodities

　　Today, there are many fake commodities sold in the market. Some can do great

　　harm to us. Why there are so many fake commodities?

　　There are always two reasons, I think. First, the factories spend less time and

　　less money in producing the fake commodities than the good ones. In this way,

　　they can make a greater profit. Second, the fake commodities are always cheaper

　　and many people like to buy them. As a result, the fake commodities became more

　　and more widely spread. It's very obvious that fake commodities are harmful. For

　　example, there is a man just catching a cold. If the man takes some fake

　　medicine, perhaps he will get worse, or even die. He is so poor just because he

　　has bought some fake commodities. The fake commodities do harm to the people, at

　　the same time, they do harm to society.

　　Many factories selling good commodities will go bankrupt in a short time, which

　　will cause many workers out of work.

　　There are many ways to eliminate fake commodities but the following ones may be

　　effective. First, the laws of the protection of consumers should be enforced to

　　severely punish those who produce or sell fake commodities. Second, consumers

　　should be taught how to tell good commodities from fake ones. Third, they should

　　be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false

　　advertisements. In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the

　　problem of fake commodities and launch a campaign against them. Only in this way

　　will fake commodities be possibly eliminated from the market in the future. (272

　　words)

　　(四)評論(lun)型作文(wen)

　　1. 寫作模式(shi)：引出(chu)需要評論的話(hua)(hua)(一定要直(zhi)接或間接引用(yong)原話(hua)(hua))-分析(xi)該引語(yu)的內涵-我的觀點(dian)(可以適當引用(yong)名人名言或諺語(yu)，最好照(zhao)應開頭部(bu)分)2. 常用(yong)句型：

　　(1)引述的句式(shi)

　　As a proverb goes, "…"

　　An old saying goes like this, "…"

　　Lincoln once remarked, "…"

　　(2)分析引語的句式

　　From this saying, we can see / know / conclude that…

　　This saying / statement tells us / reveals / shows / points out that …

　　3. 例文

　　Directions: For this part. You are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay

　　entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark,

　　"Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first four

　　sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200

　　words.

　　Sample writing:

　　The Way to Success

　　Abraham Lincoln once observed, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I

　　will spend the first four sharpening the axe." As far as I'm concerned, this

　　remark can be interpreted as follows: If you want to successfully achieve a

　　certain goal, you must be well prepared for it at first. A good preparation

　　involves sufficient learning, good strategies and a healthy mentality.

　　To be well prepared, you must first equip yourself with the required knowledge

　　and skills. Only in this way can you move smoothly in all kinds of tough and

　　complex situations. In the process of preparation, you will formulate good

　　strategies which can contribute to reducing the potential mistakes, thus leading

　　to higher efficiency. Finally, you must learn to cultivate a healthy mentality.

　　You must be fully prepared for the possible setbacks you may encounter and

　　devote yourself wholeheartedly to whatever goal you pursue.

　　In a word, success comes to those who are well prepared for it. The way to get

　　prepared is also a way to improve yourself. By sparing no effort to "sharpen

　　your axe", you will successfully arrive at your destination. (189 words)

　　請認真答題(ti)，答題(ti)結(jie)果將記入知(zhi)識點測評的(de)成績(ji)!【單選題(ti)】Choose the most suitable opening

　　sentences for the

　　following passage.The following is a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds

　　Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is

　　the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times". Choose the most

　　suitable opening remarks for the essay.____________________________. There is

　　something provoking and interesting in this paradox, which sets us thinking

　　about how to achieve success.Modern society provides people with more

　　opportunities than before, and there are stories which tell us the possibility

　　of somebody getting successful overnight. Actually that is not the case. Before

　　these people become successful, a lot of hard work has been done. Take super

　　girl Zhang Liangying as an example, before she became famous, she used to spend

　　day and night practice her singing. With her strong will and painstakingefforts, she finally made it and now she is a world-famous singer. What we

　　usually see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggling

　　forward and overcoming various obstacles. Take "quitting smoking" for example,

　　which is, to most people, a difficult task, so people always give up the idea

　　for they don't have the strong will.In a nutshell, strong will is an

　　indispensable part of success. Strong will is the best policy to make your

　　dreams come true. Concentrate on what you are engaged in, persist in there and

　　be patient, for "Where there is a will, there is a way".A. Some humorous

　　saying goes like this, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world.

　　I've done it hundreds of times". Quitting smoking seems easy, but in reality

　　it is rarely achieved.B. There is a humorous saying about quitting smoking,

　　which means quitting smoking is both easy and difficult.C. What do you think

　　about quitting smoking? Is it very difficult or very easy? If you are in the

　　former group, then you are right.D. Everybody wants to give up smoking, but

　　how? How can well quit smoking successfully?【答案】A

　　【解析】本題考查評論(lun)型作(zuo)文的(de)(de)開(kai)頭寫(xie)法(fa)。評論(lun)型作(zuo)文的(de)(de)開(kai)頭部(bu)分需要(yao)直接(jie)或間接(jie)引用原話，最好直接(jie)引用，只有 A 做到了這一點。B，C 和(he)(he) D 都沒(mei)有引用需要(yao)評論(lun)的(de)(de)話，而且和(he)(he)下文不能起到很好的(de)(de)銜接(jie)關(guan)系，下句中的(de)(de) this

　　paradox 顯然(ran)指(zhi)的是需要(yao)評論(lun)(lun)的話語，故選擇 A。【知(zhi)識點】評論(lun)(lun)型作文

　　(五)應用文

　　1. 信函類

　　(1)寫作(zuo)模式：簡單表明寫信的(de)目的(de)-具體闡述寫信的(de)意圖(tu)-自己的(de)希望及信箋(jian)結尾套(tao)語

　　(2)常用句式(shi)：

　　① 申請信

　　I am writing to apply for the post of … advertised in …

　　Immediately I saw your advertisement in the paper for …, I felt it was just the

　　kind of post for which I have the qualifications and for which I have been

　　looking for some time.

　　I feel I have the necessary qualifications and experiences needed for the

　　position of… advertised in the paper.

　　I hope I may be granted an interview, when I can explain my qualification more

　　fully.

　　I would like to apply for admission to your college.

　　I should like to further my studies in …department of your university.

　　My major interests are…., and I understand your university has a good program in

　　those fields.

　　② 邀請信(xin)及(ji)答復

　　Thank you for your letter of …

　　It is a pleasure for me to invite you on behalf of ….to accept…

　　It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially(誠摯(zhi)地)invite you to

　　attend the meeting.

　　It is very kind of you to ask us for dinner this coming Saturday evening. But,

　　to our deep regret, we cannot accept it.

　　③ 批評、抱怨(yuan)、投訴信I am writing to complain about….

　　I think it's high time you realized…

　　I must tell you that unless you do something about the situation I will be

　　forced to take legal action.

　　To be frank, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more.

　　請認真答題(ti)，答題(ti)結(jie)果將(jiang)記入知(zhi)識點測評的成績!【單選題(ti)】Choose the most suitable ending

　　paragraph for the following letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Xiao Wang, your former classmate is going to visit you during the week-long holiday in Beijing. Write according to

　　the suggestions given below. 1. 表(biao)示歡迎 2. 提出度假安排的(de)建議 3. 提醒應注意的(de)事項 Dear

　　Xiao Wang,Words

　　failed to express my excitement when I learned that you would spend the holiday

　　with me. It's been three years since we graduated from high school. I miss you

　　so much that I can't wait to see you. Now that it will be the first time you

　　have visited Beijing, I am sure your journey will be exciting, rewarding and

　　full of a lot of fun.I've made a rough plan for this holiday as follows. On the

　　first day you arrive here, I will show you around my new campus. Especially I

　　will take you to visit our newly-built modern library. During the following

　　three days, we are about to go sightseeing around Beijing. We can visit many

　　scenic spots and historical attractions, such as the Summer Palace, the

　　Forbidden city, the Great Wall etc. On the fifth day, we can visit Beijing Zoo,

　　since you are quite interested in wild animals. The next day, we can go

　　shopping. There are many splendid markets and shopping malls in Beijing. On the

　　last day, you can have a good rest before setting off. If there is any

　　inconvenience for you in this plan, please let me know

　　immediately._____________________________________________________________.

　　Yours,

　　Zhang Ying A. I'm writing to you to talk

　　about your one-week stay in Beijing.B. I am looking forward to your reply and

　　wish you a good journey.C. I'm looking forward your solving this problem in an

　　agreeable way.D. With deepest gratitude I write you here a few lines.【答(da)案】B

　　【解(jie)析】本(ben)題(ti)考(kao)查(cha)信函(han)類作文的(de)結束段落的(de)寫法。A 和(he) D 都(dou)是開(kai)頭段落的(de)寫法，故首先應(ying)

　　排除(chu);C 是(shi)投訴類書信(xin)的結(jie)束段落的寫(xie)法，故在本文中不(bu)合適。正確(que)答案為 B。【知識(shi)點】

　　信函類作文

　　④ 感謝信

　　Thank you so much for ….

　　I warmly appreciate your hospitality.

　　I don't know to thank you for your kindness to me.

　　With deepest gratitude I write you here few lines.

　　I am writing to thank you, on behalf of my wife and on my own behalf, for the

　　lovely time we had at your party last night.

　　⑤ 道歉信

　　I am awfully sorry that I cannot …I am very sorry for my rudeness /thoughtlessness / bad manners.

　　I feel sorry for my failure to …

　　I am writing to express my sincere apology for my …

　　I regret to inform you that I am unable to …

　　I believe you can understand that I have not intended to hurt you.

　　I feel guilty for what I have done to you.

　　⑥ 其它類型信函開頭及結尾：

　　I am writing to you with reference to ….

　　Thanks so much for your letter, which arrived….

　　I would like to know some information on …

　　I would be grateful if you could /would ….

　　It will be appreciated if you can /could ….

　　I look forward to hearing from you.

　　I hope you can write back to me at your earliest convenience.

　　Best regards.

　　Best wishes for you.

　　3. 例文

　　假如你是 Jim

　　Lee，你(ni)最近對你(ni)所在班的 60 名同學(男(nan)女(nv)各半)進行(xing)了上網目的的調查(cha)。現在調查(cha)結果(如

　　下(xia)表所示)用英語(yu)給某報社的(de)編輯寫一封(feng)信報告此事，以引起輿論的(de)關注。

　　注意：

　　1.報告應包括(kuo)圖表(biao)所示的內(nei)容;

　　2.敘述調查結果時要避免重(zhong)復(fu)使用(yong)百分比;

　　3.敘述過程(cheng)中要適當(dang)添(tian)加評語;

　　4.詞數：150 左右。

　　Sample writing:

　　Dear Editor,

　　I'm very honored to write this letter to you about a survey I have recently made

　　among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purposes of getting on the

　　Internet. The girl's favorite is chatting, and the portion of those fond of

　　chatting is 35%. On the contrary, very few boys like chatting on the internet,

　　accounting for less than 5%. What the boys like doing most is playing games and

　　reading news is just next to that. Both boys and girls like reading news and

　　sending e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think it's the most convenient way

　　to get the latest information. In order to keep themselves well informed about

　　the development of the world affairs, they have taken advantage of the internet.

　　What we should pay attention to is that only a very small part of the boy and

　　girl students, use Internet as a tool to study despite its great convenience and

　　promptness. As far as I am concerned, students should make good use of the

　　internet to serve them both in their life and study, especially in the latter

　　perspective. What do you think about it?

　　I'm really looking forward to getting your reply. Best regards for you.Yours sincerely,

　　Jim Lee

　　(215 words)

　　2. 演講類

　　Directions: Write A Campaign Speech in no less than 150 words based on the

　　outline below.

　　1

　　你認(ren)為自己(ji)具備是什么條件(能(neng)力，性格(ge)，愛好)可以勝任學生會主席工(gong)作，

　　2

　　如果當選你將會為本校(xiao)同學做什么?

　　Sample Writing:

　　Dear brothers and sisters,

　　May I have your attention please? Today I am very honored to stand here to have

　　the chance of running for the president of the students' union. I am a junior in

　　the English Department. Since I came into the university, I have always been the

　　monitor of my class. I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my

　　classmates and my teachers all think highly of me. I am good at communication

　　and I have very strong organizing abilities. Most importantly, I'm very willing

　　to help others and can derive great pleasure from offering a helping hand to

　　others. Moreover, I have a variety of hobbies, for example, basketball,

　　football, pingpong, etc. I am sure that I am qualified for this position. If I

　　become the president, I will try my best to do well. I will organize some

　　suitable activities for you. You will never be disappointed in choosing me as

　　president since I will do many things for you to meet your demands. I will

　　greatly appreciate it if you will give me a chance, and I will never let you

　　down.

　　Thank you for your attention.

　　(197 words)

　　3. 通(tong)知(zhi)類(一(yi)般了解)

　　通知(zhi)的(de)文體(ti)是考(kao)試中常(chang)見(jian)的(de)一種(zhong)文體(ti)也(ye)是對學生寫作能力的(de)一個必(bi)要的(de)要求。通知(zhi)是一種(zhong)安

　　排活動或布置工作時使用的文體(ti)，包括了口頭(tou)(tou)通知和書面通知。口頭(tou)(tou)通知是當面向(xiang)有關人(ren)員

　　口授有(you)關活動(dong)的信(xin)息(xi)，

　　而書面通知是(shi)以布告的(de)(de)形式把(ba)事情通知給有關人員。通知的(de)(de)要(yao)素(su)是(shi)時(shi)間，地點，對象，事件

　　具體內容(rong)，注(zhu)意事項等。通(tong)知的語(yu)言(yan)應該(gai)(gai)是簡潔明了，直截了當(dang)。還應該(gai)(gai)注(zhu)意要有一定的邏

　　輯順序。

　　注意：

　　(1)口頭通知在開頭一般都會以如下形式出現：

　　Ladies and gentlemen

　　Boys and girls

　　May I have your attention, please?

　　I have something important to tell you.

　　結尾時(shi)會以(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)下句(ju)子結束：

　　That's all. Thank you.

　　(2)書面通(tong)知(zhi)在正(zheng)文之前的正(zheng)中位置寫(xie) Notice 字樣(yang)。在結尾要注明(ming)通(tong)知(zhi)的發布(bu)人和發布(bu)日期。

　　例 1：廣播通知：

　　你校(xiao)(xiao)學生會將為來訪的美(mei)國朋(peng)友(you)舉辦(ban)一個晚會，要在學校(xiao)(xiao)廣(guang)播(bo)中宣(xuan)布(bu)此事，并歡迎大家參加。

　　為使美(mei)國朋友能聽懂，請(qing)你用英語寫一篇廣播通(tong)知。要點如(ru)下：

　　宗旨：歡迎來訪的美(mei)國(guo)朋友

　　組織者：學生會

　　時(shi)間：7 月 13 日(星期(qi)六)晚(wan)上 7:30

　　活動內容：音(yin)樂(le)，跳舞(wu)，唱歌，游戲(xi)，交換小禮品(請包(bao)裝好(hao)，簽名并在包(bao)裝外面寫上幾(ji)個

　　祝愿詞)

　　May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Students'

　　Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, July 13, to welcome our

　　friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of the

　　Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 PM. There will be music, dancing, singing,

　　games and exchange of gifts. You may bring along a small gift for this purpose.

　　Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.

　　Don't forget: 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. It's sure to

　　be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.

　　例 2：下(xia)面是有關英語(yu)演講比(bi)賽的信息,請根據此用英語(yu)寫一則通(tong)知.

　　活動(dong)：英語演講(jiang)比賽

　　目(mu)的(de)：提高英(ying)語(yu)口(kou)語(yu)

　　組織者：學生會

　　參加范圍：高中學生

　　報名時間：5 月(yue) 25 日以前

　　報(bao)名地點：學生(sheng)會(hui)辦公室

　　比賽時間：6 月 9 日 下午 4:00

　　比(bi)賽地(di)點(dian)：教學樓(lou)五樓(lou)禮堂

　　評獎：前五名優勝(sheng)者(zhe)獲獎

　　Notice

　　We are going to have an English-speaking contest for senior students so as to

　　improve our oral English. It will be held in the auditorium on the 5th floor in

　　the teaching building 4:00pm, June 9th. Those who want to take part in the

　　contest are supposed to come to sign up at the office of the Students' Union

　　before May 25th.

　　All the senior students are welcome to join in the contest. The first five

　　winners will be given prizes. Please try our best and get ready in time.

　　Wish you success!

　　The Students' Union