相信很多小伙伴已經在準備2022年下半年的自學考試復習工作了，自學考試有多門考試，而英語二是各個專業的公共課，考生們尤為關注，下面是小編整理的2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題及答案(三)，大家可(ke)以看一看，練一練哦(e)。

2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題(三)

If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人類(lei)學家(jia)） have some advice: Wear red.Their survey of four sports at the 2020 Olympic Games shows competitors were more ? ?1 ? to win their contests ? ?2 ? ?they wore red uniforms or red body armor.

“Across a ? ?3 ? of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning,” report Russell A．Hill and Robert A．Barton of the University of Durham in England.Their findings are in Thursday’s ? ?4 ? of the journal Nature.

Red is ? 5 ? with emotions.When people get ? ?6 ? , their faces turn red.It’s also a reason why stop signs are red.

7 ? , the color’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents ? 8 ? athletic contests, especially when the athletes are ? ?9 ? in skill and strength, the researchers suggest.

In their ? ?10 ? , the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.

In those ? ?11 ? , the athletes were randomly（隨機地(di)） assigned ? 12 ? protective gear and other sportswear.Athletes ? ?13 ? ?red gear won more often in 16 of 21 rounds of competition in all four events.

The effect was the same ? 14 ? ?weight classes, too: 19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.The red ? ?15 ? ?might also come into play in team sports.

The anthropologists analyzed the Euro 2020 International Soccer Tournament, ? ?16 ? which teams wore jerseys of different colors in different matches.They found that five teams ? ? ?17 ? more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as ? ?18 ? to blue or white jerseys.

Scientists don’t exactly know how wearing red might give athletes a(n) ? ?19 ? .But the color delivers hidden messages of vigor and ? 20 ? .

1．A．possible? ? ? ? ? B．probable

C．likely ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．like

2．A．if ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．as

C．until ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．unless

3．A．list ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．range

C．bunch ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．reach

4．A．issue ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．report

C．magazine ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．story

5．A．regarded ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．treated

C．come ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．associated

6．A．angry ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．pleased

C．depressed ? ? ? ? ? ?D．sad

7．A．Naturally ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．Fortunately

C．Similarly ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．Strangely

8．A．on ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．in

C．with ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．to

9．A．match ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．different

C．equal ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．special

10．A．finding ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．explanation

C．survey ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．information

11．A．affairs ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．events

C．incidents ? ? ? ? ? ? D．matters

12．A．red ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．blue

C．white ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．colorful

13．A．pulling on ? ? ? ? ? B．putting on

C．dressing ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．wearing

14．A．because of ? ? ? ? ?B．instead of

C．regardless of ? ? ? D．as a result of

15．A．effect ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．affect

C．result ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．side

16．A．on ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B．for

C．in ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．about

17．A．completed ? ? ? ? ?B．scored

C．received ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D．kept

18．A．fought ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．opposed

C．competed ? ? ? ? ?D．beat

19．A．achievement ? ? ? B．chance

C．comfort ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．advantage

20．A．danger ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B．pleasure

C．surprise ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D．disappointment

Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney（腎）stone is not. The process is painful and can take a long time. But American researchers have found that a roller coaster ride just might help those suffering from a kidney stone. They say such rides help patients pass the stones with a 70 percent success rate.

David Wartinger led the study. He found that where the person sits on the roller coaster can make a big difference. He said, “In the pilot study, sitting in the last car of the roller coaster showed about a 64 percent success rate, while sitting in the first few cars only had a 16 percent success rate. ”

When it comes to passing kidney stones, not all roller coasters are equal. The researchers used 174 kidney stones of different shapes, sizes and weights to see if each model worked on the same ride and on two other roller coasters. They found that Big Thunder Mountain was the only one that worked. The other two roller coasters both failed the test. Wartinger said the other rides were too fast and too violent. The movement forced the stones against the side of the kidney. He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.

It also mattered where the stones were located in the kidney. The researchers found that stones located in the upper part of the kidney model were passed 100 percent.

Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could really be used as an effective measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing. “You need to pay attention to the warnings before going on a roller coaster, ” he said ” If you have a kidney stone, but are otherwise healthy and meet the requirements of the ride, you can absolutely try it. ”

He adds that it’s definitely a lower cost alternative to other treatments. And riding a roller coaster is definitely more interesting!

31．What might passing kidney stones be like?

A．Uncomfortable.

B．Quick.

C．Enjoyable.

D．Exciting.

32．Roller coaster treatment works better ________.

A．when the person sits in the first car of a roller coaster.

B．when the stone is forced against the side of the kidney.

C．when the stone is located in the lower part of the kidney.

D．when the person rides rough and fast roller coasters with twists and turns.

33．What’s probably the advantage of riding a roller coaster?

A．It can prevent the development of kidney stones.

B．It can help anyone besides those with kidney stones.

C．It can prevent danger because of its clear warning.

D．It can apply to everyone with kidney stones effectively.

34．What attitude does Wartinger have towards roller coasters for people having a kidney stone?

A．Concerned.

B．Disapproving.

C．Favorable.

D．Doubtful.

Can staying up late make you fat? A growing body of research has suggested that poor sleep quality is linked to an increased risk of obesity (肥胖癥). But a new study found that it’s not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep.The researchers discovered their findings in a very small worm, called C．elegans.

Study co-author David Raizen stressed that while these findings in worms may not translate directly to humans, C．elegans offers a good model for studying humans’ sleep. Like all other animals that have nervous systems, they need sleep. But unlike humans, who have complex neural circuitry (神(shen)經回路) and are difficult to study, a C．elegans has only 302 nerve cells，one of which scientists know for certain is a sleep regulator.

In humans, people who get fewer than six hours of sleep per night are more likely to be obese. Moreover, starvation in humans, fruit flies, and worms has been shown to affect sleep, indicating that it is regulated, at least in part, by nutrient availability. However, the way in which sleeping and eating work in tandem (協同(tong)地) has remained unclear.

The researchers genetically changed C．elegans to “turn off” a nerve cell that controls sleep. These worms could still eat, breathe, and reproduce, but they lost their ability to sleep.With this nerve cell turned off,the researchers saw a severe drop in ATP levels, which is the body’s energy currency. “That suggests that sleep is an attempt to conserve energy; it’s not actually causing the loss of energy,”Raizen explained.

The researchers knocked out the KIN-29 gene to create sleepless worms, and the mutant (突變的) C．elegans accumulated much fat. They assumed that the KIN-29 mutants did not sleep is because they were unable to release their fat.To test this guess, the researchers again controlled the KIN-29 mutant worms,this time expressing a chemical substance that freed their fat. With that operation,the worms were again able to sleep.

35．What did the new study focus on?

A．The risk of suffering obesity.

B．The way our body consumes energy.

C．The link between obesity and sleep loss.

D．The cause for poor sleep and obesity.

36．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Obesity.

B．Nutrition.

C．Starvation.

D．Sleep.

37．Why did the researchers turn off one nerve cell of the C．elegans?

A．To monitor its sleep quality.

B．To regulate the change of ATP.

C．To confirm the function of sleep.

D．To find out factors affecting energy conservation.

38．What might lead to obese people’s sleeping problem according to the researchers?

A．That their body fat fails to be freed normally.

B．That their ATP level may be greatly raised.

C．That their brain signals for sleeping go wrong.

D．That their KIN-29 gene is knocked out quickly.

2022年下半年自考英語二模擬題(三)參考答案

1．C

2．A

3．B

4．A

5．D

6．A

7．C

8．B

9．C

10．C

11．B

12．A

13．D

14．C

15．A

16．C

17．B

18．B

19．D

20．A

【分析】

本(ben)文(wen)是說(shuo)明文(wen)。文(wen)章(zhang)介(jie)紹了體育比賽中穿(chuan)紅色(se)衣服(fu)獲勝的可能性更(geng)大。文(wen)章(zhang)通過介(jie)紹英國(guo)人類學家所做的一些分析，說(shuo)明了理(li)由。

1．考查形容(rong)詞(ci)和(he)介詞(ci)詞(ci)義辨析。句意：如果獲勝對您來說很(hen)重要(yao)，那么英國(guo)(guo)人(ren)類學(xue)家建(jian)議您: 穿紅色(se)的(de)衣服。他們對2004年奧運(yun)(yun)會上的(de)四(si)個(ge)運(yun)(yun)動項目進行了調查研(yan)究，結(jie)果表明(ming)穿紅色(se)運(yun)(yun)動服或防護(hu)外套的(de)運(yun)(yun)動員(yuan)在比賽中獲勝的(de)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)性更(geng)大。A. possible可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)；B. probable很(hen)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)；C. likely很(hen)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)；D. like像。根據上文“If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人(ren)類學(xue)家） have some advice: Wear red.”可(ke)知，英國(guo)(guo)人(ren)類學(xue)家建(jian)議穿紅色(se)的(de)衣服參加比賽，更(geng)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)贏(ying)得比賽。be likely to do sth.“很(hen)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)做某(mou)事”是固(gu)定短(duan)語(yu)。故(gu)選C。

2．考查連(lian)詞詞義辨析(xi)。句(ju)意同上。A. if如(ru)果；B. as當……時候；C. until直到；D. unless除非。根據上文“If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人類學家） have some advice: Wear red.”可推斷，穿紅色衣服是條件，用(yong)if引(yin)導(dao)條件狀(zhuang)語從句(ju)。故選A。

3．考查名詞(ci)(ci)詞(ci)(ci)義辨析。句意：”通過對一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)體(ti)育項目的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)，我們發現穿紅(hong)色衣服(fu)通常意味著更高的(de)獲勝可能性。”英格蘭杜倫大(da)學的(de)拉(la)塞爾·A·希爾和羅伯(bo)特(te)·A·巴頓說。A. list名單；B. range范圍；C. bunch一(yi)(yi)束； ? ?D. reach區域(yu)。根(gen)據下文“we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning”可推斷(duan)，研(yan)究(jiu)了一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)運(yun)動，得出結論。a range of“一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)；一(yi)(yi)些”是固定短語。故選(xuan)B。

4．考查(cha)名詞詞義辨析(xi)。句意：他們的研究(jiu)結果發表(biao)在本周四出版的《自然(ran)》雜(za)(za)志上。A. issue（報(bao)(bao)刊(kan)）期(qi)號(hao)；B. report報(bao)(bao)告(gao)；C. magazine雜(za)(za)志；D. story故事。根據下文“the journal Nature”可知，此(ci)處說的是發現發表(biao)在周四的《自然(ran)》雜(za)(za)志期(qi)刊(kan)上。故選A。

5．考查動(dong)詞(ci)詞(ci)義辨(bian)析(xi)。句意：紅(hong)色與(yu)情(qing)感有聯系。A. regarded認為；B. treated對待；C. come來；D. associated聯系。根據下文“When people get ___6___, their faces turn red.”可推斷，紅(hong)色與(yu)情(qing)感有聯系，當人們(men)憤怒時，他們(men)的臉會漲得通紅(hong)。be associated with“與(yu)……有關(guan)”。故(gu)選D。

6．考查形容詞(ci)詞(ci)義辨析。句意(yi)：當(dang)人(ren)們(men)憤怒時，他們(men)的臉(lian)會(hui)漲得通紅(hong)。A. angry生氣(qi)的；B. pleased高興的；C. depressed沮喪的；D. sad傷心的。根據(ju)下文“their faces turn red.”和常(chang)識可知，人(ren)們(men)生氣(qi)的時候，臉(lian)會(hui)變紅(hong)。故選A。

7．考查副詞(ci)(ci)詞(ci)(ci)義(yi)辨析(xi)。句意：同樣，紅色(se)(se)也(ye)能夠在潛意識(shi)(shi)上對(dui)(dui)競爭對(dui)(dui)手產生威懾作用(yong)，尤(you)其(qi)當競爭雙方的技巧和力量都不相上下時。A. Naturally自然地(di)(di)；B. Fortunately幸(xing)運地(di)(di)；C. Similarly同樣地(di)(di)；D. Strangely奇(qi)怪地(di)(di)。根據上文(wen)“It’s also a reason why stop signs are red.”可知，紅色(se)(se)與情感(gan)有關，這也(ye)是(shi)為什么停車標志被(bei)做成紅色(se)(se)的一個原因。因此同樣的，這種(zhong)顏色(se)(se)對(dui)(dui)對(dui)(dui)手也(ye)有潛意識(shi)(shi)的威懾作用(yong)。故(gu)選C。

8．考查介詞(ci)詞(ci)義(yi)辨析。句意：同樣，在(zai)(zai)體育(yu)比賽中，紅(hong)色(se)也能夠在(zai)(zai)潛意識上(shang)對(dui)(dui)競爭(zheng)對(dui)(dui)手產生(sheng)威懾作用(yong)，尤其(qi)當競爭(zheng)雙方的技巧和力量都(dou)不相上(shang)下時(shi)。A. on在(zai)(zai)……上(shang)面(mian)；B. in在(zai)(zai)……方面(mian)；C. with與……一起；D. to朝，向。根(gen)據下文“athletic contests”并聯系上(shang)文，穿紅(hong)色(se)更(geng)容易贏得體育(yu)比賽可推斷，此(ci)處說的是在(zai)(zai)體育(yu)比賽方面(mian)。故選B。

9．考查形容詞詞義辨析(xi)。句意同上(shang)(shang)。A. match比(bi)賽；B. different不同的(de)(de)；C. equal平等的(de)(de)；D. special特(te)(te)別的(de)(de)。根據上(shang)(shang)文的(de)(de)“the color’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents”并結合常識可推斷(duan)，特(te)(te)別是競(jing)爭雙方的(de)(de)技巧和力量都不相上(shang)(shang)下時，紅(hong)色對對手有威懾作用。故選C。

10．考查名(ming)詞詞義辨析。句(ju)意：在他(ta)們的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析中，人(ren)類學家(jia)們分(fen)(fen)(fen)析了(le)這次夏季奧運(yun)會中四項對抗性運(yun)動的(de)比賽結果(guo)，它們分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)是(shi)拳擊、跆拳道(dao)、古(gu)典式(shi)摔跤和自由式(shi)摔跤。A. finding發現(xian)；B. explanation解釋(shi)；C. survey分(fen)(fen)(fen)析；D. information消(xiao)息。根據(ju)下(xia)文(wen)“the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.”，特別(bie)是(shi)analyze可推斷(duan)，此處說的(de)是(shi)他(ta)們的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析。故(gu)選C。

11．考查名詞詞義辨(bian)析(xi)。句(ju)意：在那些賽事(shi)中，紅色的護具和運(yun)動裝束被隨機(ji)分配(pei)給運(yun)動員們(men)。A. affairs事(shi)務(wu)，私事(shi)；B. events體(ti)育賽事(shi)；C. incidents事(shi)件(jian)，事(shi)變；D. matters問題。根據(ju)下(xia)文“the athletes”可知，此處說(shuo)的是體(ti)育賽事(shi)。故選(xuan)B。

12．考查形容(rong)詞(ci)詞(ci)義(yi)辨析。句意同(tong)上。A. red紅色(se)(se)的(de)；B. blue藍色(se)(se)的(de)；C. white白色(se)(se)的(de)；D. colorful彩(cai)色(se)(se)的(de)。根(gen)據下文“red gear”可知(zhi)，運(yun)動員(yuan)帶(dai)著(zhu)紅色(se)(se)的(de)護(hu)具。故選(xuan)A。

13．考(kao)查動詞(ci)和短語辨析。句意：在這四(si)項賽事中，穿紅(hong)色(se)防護外套的運動員在21輪(lun)比(bi)賽中共獲(huo)得16次勝利。A. pulling on對……有吸引力；B. putting on上演(yan)；C. dressing穿；D. wearing穿戴。根(gen)據上文“the athletes were randomly（隨機(ji)地(di)） assigned___12___protective gear and other sportswear.”可知，運動員被隨機(ji)分給紅(hong)色(se)的防護服(fu)，穿戴著紅(hong)色(se)護具的運動員在20輪(lun)比(bi)賽中獲(huo)勝16輪(lun)。dress表(biao)示“穿戴”不能直接跟(gen)表(biao)示“衣服(fu)”的名詞(ci)作賓語，需要加介詞(ci)in。故(gu)選D。

14．考查固(gu)定短語(yu)辨析。句(ju)意：即使在不同(tong)重(zhong)量級(ji)的比賽中，紅色產生的效(xiao)果(guo)也(ye)是相(xiang)同(tong)的。A. because of因為(wei)；B. instead of代替；C. regardless of不管(guan)；D. as a result of由于……的結果(guo)。根據下文“19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners.”可推斷(duan)，不管(guan)什么(me)重(zhong)量級(ji)，效(xiao)果(guo)都(dou)是一(yi)樣的。故選C。

15．考查名(ming)詞詞義辨析(xi)。句意(yi)：紅色影(ying)響還可能會(hui)在集(ji)體運動項目中發揮效力。A. effect影(ying)響，效果；B. affect影(ying)響；C. result結果；D. side方(fang)面，旁邊。根據上文“The effect”和(he)下文“come into play in team sports”可推(tui)斷，此處說的是(shi)紅色的影(ying)響，作主語用名(ming)詞，affect是(shi)動詞。故選A。

16．考查介(jie)詞詞義辨析(xi)(xi)。句(ju)意：人類(lei)學家們還對2004年歐洲國際(ji)(ji)足(zu)球錦標賽做了(le)分析(xi)(xi)，就(jiu)各支球隊(dui)在(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)比賽中所穿的(de)(de)不(bu)同顏色的(de)(de)隊(dui)服進行比較。A. on在(zai)……上面；B. for為(wei)了(le)；C. in在(zai)……里面；D. about關于。分析(xi)(xi)句(ju)子可(ke)知，which引導定語從句(ju)，指代the Euro 2020 International Soccer Tournament，根據(ju)句(ju)意，此處說(shuo)的(de)(de)是在(zai)2004年歐洲國際(ji)(ji)足(zu)球錦標賽，用介(jie)詞in。故選C。

17．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們發現有五支球(qiu)隊在穿紅色(se)基調的(de)(de)球(qiu)衣與穿藍(lan)色(se)或白色(se)球(qiu)衣的(de)(de)對手抗衡時，他們的(de)(de)進球(qiu)和獲勝(sheng)次數都增加(jia)了。A. completed完成；B. scored得分(fen)；C. received收到；D. kept保持(chi)。根(gen)據下文“more goals and won more often”可知，此(ci)處說的(de)(de)是得分(fen)更多。故選B。

18．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意(yi)同上。A. fought斗爭；B. opposed反對(dui)(dui)；C. competed競爭；D. beat打(da)敗(bai)。根據上文“more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red”與下文“blue or white jerseys”可推斷，此處是穿紅(hong)色基調的球(qiu)衣(yi)的團隊(dui)與穿藍(lan)色或白色球(qiu)衣(yi)的對(dui)(dui)抗(kang)。as opposed to“與……對(dui)(dui)抗(kang)”是固定短語。故選B。

19．考(kao)查名詞詞義(yi)辨析。句意：科學家們并(bing)不很確定穿紅色衣(yi)服是(shi)如何使運動員(yuan)獲得(de)優勢的(de)(de)。但這種顏色暗含著活力和危險(xian)的(de)(de)信號。A. achievement成就(jiu)；B. chance機會；C. comfort舒適；D. advantage優勢。根據(ju)上(shang)文(wen)“They found that five teams____17____more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as ___18___ to blue or white jerseys.”以及(ji)上(shang)文(wen)內容可知，此處說的(de)(de)是(shi)穿紅色衣(yi)服給予(yu)運動員(yuan)的(de)(de)優勢。故(gu)選D。

20．考查(cha)名(ming)詞詞義(yi)辨析。句(ju)意：但這種顏色(se)暗(an)含(han)(han)著活力和(he)危險(xian)的信(xin)號(hao)。A. danger危險(xian)；B. pleasure快樂；C. surprise驚(jing)奇；D. disappointment失望(wang)。根據(ju)上文“the color’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents”可推(tui)斷，紅色(se)暗(an)含(han)(han)著活力和(he)危險(xian)的信(xin)號(hao)。故選(xuan)A。

31．A

32．D

33．A

34．C

【分析】

本文(wen)是(shi)一(yi)篇說(shuo)明文(wen)。文(wen)章通過實(shi)驗和專家(jia)觀點表明，乘(cheng)坐(zuo)過山車可以幫助腎結(jie)石病人排石，但和過山車種類(lei)、病人乘(cheng)坐(zuo)時的(de)位置(zhi)以及結(jie)石的(de)位置(zhi)有關(guan)。

31．推理判斷題(ti)。根據(ju)第一段中“Roller coasters are fast and exciting. But passing a painful kidney（腎）stone is not. The process is painful and can take a long time.（過山(shan)車又(you)(you)快又(you)(you)刺激。但排出(chu)痛(tong)苦(ku)的(de)腎結(jie)石(shi)卻不是(shi)這樣(yang)。這個過程(cheng)很(hen)痛(tong)苦(ku)，可能(neng)需(xu)要很(hen)長時間(jian)）”可知，排出(chu)腎結(jie)石(shi)會是(shi)不舒服的(de)。故選(xuan)A。

32．細節理解題(ti)。根(gen)據(ju)第(di)三(san)段最后一(yi)句“He said that the ideal roller coaster is rough and quick with some twists and turns.（他(ta)說，理想的過山(shan)(shan)車是顛簸而快速，有一(yi)些曲折(zhe)）”可知(zhi)，當(dang)人(ren)們乘坐顛簸而又快速的過山(shan)(shan)車時，過山(shan)(shan)車治療（腎結石的）效果更好。故選D。

33．細節理解題(ti)。根據倒(dao)數第(di)二(er)段中“He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing.（他說，每年坐一次過(guo)山車(che)甚至可(ke)以(yi)防止結(jie)石(shi)的形成）”可(ke)知，坐過(guo)山車(che)可(ke)能可(ke)以(yi)防止腎結(jie)石(shi)的發展。故選A。

34．推理判斷(duan)題。根(gen)據倒數第二段(duan)第一句“Wartinger thinks roller coaster rides could really be used as an effective measure. He said that a yearly ride on a roller coaster could even prevent stones from developing.（Wartinger認為，坐(zuo)(zuo)過山(shan)車(che)確實可以作為一種有效的措施。他說，每年(nian)坐(zuo)(zuo)一次過山(shan)車(che)甚至可以防止結(jie)石的形成）”可知，Wartinger對患有腎結(jie)石的人(ren)坐(zuo)(zuo)過山(shan)車(che)持贊成的態(tai)度。故選(xuan)C。

35．C

36．D

37．C

38．A

【分析】

本文(wen)是(shi)說明(ming)文(wen)。熬夜會使你(ni)發胖(pang)嗎？越來越多的(de)(de)研究表明(ming)，睡(shui)眠質量(liang)差與肥胖(pang)風險增加有關。但一項新的(de)(de)研究發現(xian)(xian)，并不是(shi)睡(shui)眠不足導(dao)致肥胖(pang)，而是(shi)超重導(dao)致睡(shui)眠質量(liang)差。研究人員在一種叫(jiao)做秀麗(li)隱桿線蟲的(de)(de)非常小(xiao)的(de)(de)蠕蟲中發現(xian)(xian)了這些發現(xian)(xian)。

35．細(xi)節(jie)理解題。根(gen)據第一段(duan)“But a new study found that it’s not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep. (但一項(xiang)新(xin)的(de)研(yan)(yan)究發現，并不(bu)是睡眠不(bu)足(zu)導致肥胖(pang)(pang)，而是超重導致睡眠質量差)”可知(zhi)，新(xin)研(yan)(yan)究關注的(de)是肥胖(pang)(pang)和睡眠缺失的(de)關系(xi)。故選C。

36．詞句(ju)猜測題。根據第三段“In humans, people who get fewer than six hours of sleep per night are more likely to be obese. Moreover, starvation in humans, fruit flies, and worms has been shown to affect sleep, indicating that it is regulated, at least in part, by nutrient availability. (對(dui)于人(ren)類來說(shuo)，每晚睡眠少于6小時的(de)人(ren)更有(you)可能肥胖。此外(wai)，人(ren)類、果蠅(ying)和蠕蟲的(de)饑(ji)餓(e)已(yi)被******會(hui)影(ying)響睡眠，這表明它(ta)至少在一定程度上(shang)受營養供應的(de)調(diao)節)”可知，饑(ji)餓(e)造(zao)成的(de)營養供應不足會(hui)影(ying)響睡眠，所以it指代的(de)是前面的(de)睡眠。故選D。

37．推理(li)判斷題(ti)。根(gen)據倒(dao)數第二段“The researchers genetically changed C.elegans to “tum off” a nerve cell that controls sleep. These worms could still eat, breathe, and reproduce, but they lost their ability to sleep.With this nerve cell turned off,the researchers saw a severe drop in ATP levels, which is the body’s energy currency. “That suggests that sleep is an attempt to conserve energy; it’s not actually causing the loss of energy,” Raizen explained. (研究人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)從(cong)基因上改變(bian)了秀(xiu)麗隱桿線(xian)蟲，使其“關(guan)閉”控制睡(shui)眠的(de)(de)神(shen)經(jing)細(xi)胞。這(zhe)些(xie)蠕蟲仍然(ran)可(ke)以進食、呼吸和繁殖，但它(ta)們失(shi)去了睡(shui)眠的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力。隨著神(shen)經(jing)細(xi)胞的(de)(de)關(guan)閉，研究人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)發現ATP水平嚴重下降(jiang)，ATP是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)體的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)貨幣。“這(zhe)表明睡(shui)眠是(shi)(shi)儲(chu)存能(neng)(neng)量(liang)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)嘗試；它(ta)實際上并沒(mei)有造成(cheng)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)的(de)(de)損失(shi)，”Raizen解釋道)”可(ke)知，研究人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)“關(guan)閉”秀(xiu)麗隱桿線(xian)蟲的(de)(de)神(shen)經(jing)細(xi)胞為了確定睡(shui)眠的(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)。故選(xuan)C。

38．細節理(li)解(jie)題。根據(ju)第一(yi)段“But a new study found that it’s not the sleep loss that leads to obesity, but rather that overweight can cause poor sleep. (但一(yi)項(xiang)新(xin)的研究發(fa)現，并不是(shi)睡(shui)眠不足導(dao)致肥(fei)胖(pang)，而(er)是(shi)超重(zhong)導(dao)致睡(shui)眠質量差)”可知，根據(ju)研究人員(yuan)的說法，人們的身體超重(zhong)，也就是(shi)脂肪無法正(zheng)常釋放這會導(dao)致肥(fei)胖(pang)者的睡(shui)眠問題。故選(xuan)A。

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