12月16日(ri),教育(yu)(yu)部(bu)等九部(bu)門(men)發布“十四五”縣域(yu)普通(tong)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)發展提升行(xing)動計劃(hua),總體目標(biao)是:到2025年,縣中(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)體辦學水平顯著提升,市域(yu)內縣中(zhong)(zhong)和城(cheng)區普通(tong)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)協調發展機制基(ji)本健(jian)全,統籌普通(tong)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)教育(yu)(yu)和中(zhong)(zhong)等職業教育(yu)(yu)發展,推(tui)動全國高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)階(jie)段教育(yu)(yu)毛入學率達到92%以上。
據了解,2020年,全國共有(you)普(pu)(pu)通高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)校(xiao)1.42萬所,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),縣(xian)、縣(xian)級市(shi)舉辦的(de)普(pu)(pu)通高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)7243所,占比(bi)51%,在校(xiao)生1468.4萬人,占比(bi)59%,縣(xian)域(yu)普(pu)(pu)通高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)規模(mo)超過全國普(pu)(pu)通高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)校(xiao)總數一半(ban),是縣(xian)域(yu)基礎教育的(de)龍頭,辦好(hao)縣(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)鞏(gong)固提高(gao)(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)階(jie)段教育普(pu)(pu)及水平,帶動(dong)縣(xian)域(yu)義務教育優質(zhi)均衡發展,服務國家鄉村振興(xing)和(he)人才發展戰略(lve),具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)大(da)意(yi)義。
近(jin)年來(lai),一(yi)(yi)些(xie)地方縣中(zhong)發展還存在生源和教(jiao)師(shi)流(liu)失、基礎條件(jian)相對薄(bo)(bo)弱(ruo)、教(jiao)育(yu)質量有(you)待提高(gao)(gao)等突出問題(ti),特別是適應高(gao)(gao)考綜合改(gai)革實施選課走班(ban),縣中(zhong)辦(ban)學(xue)資源不足問題(ti)更加(jia)突出,迫切需(xu)要加(jia)大扶持力度。這份提升(sheng)計劃從深化(hua)招(zhao)生管理(li)改(gai)革、加(jia)強教(jiao)師(shi)隊(dui)伍建設(she)、改(gai)善辦(ban)學(xue)薄(bo)(bo)弱(ruo)環節(jie)、提高(gao)(gao)教(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)學(xue)質量四項重(zhong)點任務入手(shou)為縣域中(zhong)學(xue)“強筋壯骨”,一(yi)(yi)起(qi)來(lai)看一(yi)(yi)看。
堅決杜絕違規跨區域掐尖招生
“縣(xian)中(zhong)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)計劃(hua)(hua)”提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu),著力(li)構建(jian)規范有(you)序和(he)監(jian)督(du)有(you)力(li)的(de)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)制,堅決杜絕違規跨區域掐尖招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),防止(zhi)縣(xian)中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源過度(du)流失。主要從三(san)個(ge)方面進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)對加(jia)強招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工作提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)了要求:一(yi)(yi)是明確(que)各級招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)責任,提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)各地(di)要在落(luo)實(shi)縣(xian)級招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)責任的(de)基(ji)礎上,切實(shi)強化(hua)省級統(tong)籌責任和(he)地(di)市(shi)主體責任,嚴(yan)格(ge)普通(tong)高中(zhong)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),全(quan)面落(luo)實(shi)“公民同招(zhao)”和(he)屬地(di)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政策;二(er)是強化(hua)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)工作監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),要求各地(di)全(quan)面建(jian)立地(di)市(shi)級高中(zhong)階段學校(xiao)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)錄(lu)取網絡(luo)平(ping)臺,鼓勵有(you)條件的(de)地(di)方建(jian)立省級統(tong)一(yi)(yi)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)錄(lu)取網絡(luo)平(ping)臺,切實(shi)加(jia)強招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)計劃(hua)(hua)和(he)錄(lu)取過程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),加(jia)大對違規招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行為(wei)的(de)查(cha)處力(li)度(du);三(san)是增加(jia)農(nong)村學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)升(sheng)學機(ji)會,提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)“十四五”期(qi)間高校(xiao)招(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)關專項計劃(hua)(hua)將(jiang)繼續(xu)對基(ji)礎教育薄弱地(di)區予以支(zhi)持。
嚴禁搶挖縣中人才,健全教師補充激勵機制
面對近年(nian)來,一些縣(xian)中優秀(xiu)教師流(liu)失嚴重的突出問(wen)題(ti),“縣(xian)中提升計劃”明確提出,嚴禁(jin)發達地(di)區(qu)、城(cheng)區(qu)學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)到(dao)薄(bo)弱地(di)區(qu)、縣(xian)中搶(qiang)挖優秀(xiu)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)長和教師,對未經組(zu)織(zhi)人(ren)事部(bu)門(men)(men)和教育行政部(bu)門(men)(men)同意,惡意從縣(xian)中學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)搶(qiang)挖人(ren)才的,停止(zhi)學校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)各類評優評先資格。
據統計,目前,全國(guo)縣中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師總(zong)體缺編7.7萬(wan)人,共(gong)有3776所縣中(zhong)生師比超過國(guo)家標準(zhun)。“縣中(zhong)提升(sheng)計劃”要求各地依照(zhao)條件標準(zhun)及(ji)時補充縣中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師,優化教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師配備,著力解決縣中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師總(zong)量不足和結構性缺員問題。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育行政部門不得(de)擠占縣中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職工(gong)編制(zhi)或長期借用縣中(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師,嚴(yan)禁(jin)公辦學(xue)校(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師在民辦學(xue)校(xiao)任教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),并于2022年(nian)秋季開(kai)學(xue)前完成整改。
此外,還將建(jian)立教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)的補充激勵(li)機(ji)制,比如,實施(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西部欠發(fa)達(da)地區(qu)優秀(xiu)(xiu)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)定向(xiang)培(pei)養(yang)計(ji)劃;適當提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級、高(gao)(gao)級教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)崗位(wei)比例,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)級教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)崗位(wei)設(she)置(zhi)適當向(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傾(qing)斜,合理核定縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)績(ji)效工資總量,績(ji)效工資內部分配向(xiang)優秀(xiu)(xiu)人才傾(qing)斜。“縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)計(ji)劃”還提(ti)(ti)出(chu)加大縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)校(xiao)長(chang)和(he)(he)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)培(pei)訓(xun)力度,教(jiao)育部組織開(kai)展縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)校(xiao)長(chang)和(he)(he)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)骨干示范培(pei)訓(xun),省級組織縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)校(xiao)長(chang)和(he)(he)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)全員培(pei)訓(xun),不斷提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)長(chang)辦學治校(xiao)能力和(he)(he)教(jiao)師(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)育教(jiao)學水平(ping)。
實施托管幫扶工程,支持薄弱縣中
教育部將開展(zhan)托管(guan)幫扶工(gong)程,通過多(duo)種形式的縣中托管(guan)幫扶工(gong)作,努(nu)力(li)使每個教育基礎薄弱縣都得到支持,加快整體提升縣中辦(ban)學水(shui)平。
1、教育部依托舉辦(ban)附(fu)屬中學(xue)的部屬高(gao)校(xiao),面向100個縣托管100所(suo)縣中,發揮(hui)示范引領作用。
2、按照對(dui)口(kou)支援關系(xi),組織東部發達地區省份(fen),面(mian)向西部10省160個國家(jia)鄉村振興重點幫扶縣開(kai)展(zhan)組團式對(dui)口(kou)幫扶。
3、各省(區、市)要組織(zhi)有條(tiao)件的地方高校開(kai)展(zhan)縣中(zhong)托管幫扶工(gong)作。
4、地市級教育行政部門要積極組織區(qu)域內優(you)質普(pu)通高(gao)中與薄(bo)弱縣中開(kai)展聯合辦(ban)學、對口支援,每所優(you)質普(pu)通高(gao)中至少托管幫(bang)扶1所薄(bo)弱縣中。
在(zai)托(tuo)管幫(bang)扶過程中,教育部明確:要充分發揮托(tuo)管高校(xiao)要在(zai)縣中校(xiao)長選配、教師招聘、師資(zi)培訓和(he)教學管理等方(fang)面的重要作用,地方(fang)政府應給(gei)予積(ji)極支持(chi)和(he)相應保障;托(tuo)管高校(xiao)要堅持(chi)教育公益性原則,不得收(shou)取“品牌費(fei)”。
提高縣中經費投入水平,“一校一案”制定標準化建設工程實施方案
據了解(jie),“十三五”期間,中(zhong)央財政累計投入普(pu)通高中(zhong)建設(she)資金391億元(yuan),各地也加大了經費(fei)投入,全(quan)國(guo)新建、改擴建普(pu)通高中(zhong)4570所(suo)。然而,我國(guo)縣中(zhong)整體辦(ban)學(xue)條件依然相對落后。2020年,全(quan)國(guo)有(you)1121所(suo)縣中(zhong)校舍建筑面積不達(da)標(biao),校舍缺口(kou)達(da)899萬平方米(mi);縣中(zhong)每百名(ming)學(xue)生擁有(you)教學(xue)用(yong)計算機數量僅為(wei)市區(qu)的(de)六(liu)成。
“縣(xian)(xian)中提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)計劃(hua)”要求(qiu),國家(jia)繼續實(shi)施(shi)改(gai)善普通高(gao)中辦學條(tiao)件項目(mu),重點支(zhi)持(chi)改(gai)善縣(xian)(xian)中基本(ben)辦學條(tiao)件,要求(qiu)各省(區、市)指導市縣(xian)(xian)“一(yi)校一(yi)案”制訂(ding)本(ben)地(di)縣(xian)(xian)中標準化建(jian)設工程實(shi)施(shi)方案,明確時間(jian)表和路線圖,切實(shi)加大地(di)方財政投入,確保如期(qi)完(wan)(wan)成縣(xian)(xian)中標準化建(jian)設。原則上常住人(ren)口5萬人(ren)以上或初(chu)中畢業生2000人(ren)以上的(de)縣(xian)(xian),應建(jian)設1所普通高(gao)中。要實(shi)現縣(xian)(xian)中網絡連(lian)接全覆蓋,完(wan)(wan)善線上教(jiao)育(yu)教(jiao)學資源(yuan)建(jian)設與應用保障(zhang)體(ti)系,加快提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)縣(xian)(xian)中教(jiao)育(yu)信息化水平(ping),更好(hao)促(cu)進優質教(jiao)育(yu)資源(yuan)共享。
目(mu)前,全國(guo)(guo)所有省(sheng)份均(jun)建立了(le)(le)普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)費(fei)制度(du),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28個省(sheng)份經(jing)(jing)費(fei)標準(zhun)達到了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)規定的(de)每(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)每(mei)(mei)年1000元以上,但(dan)一些中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西部貧(pin)困(kun)地區(qu)(qu)縣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很難(nan)落實每(mei)(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)每(mei)(mei)年1000元以上的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)費(fei)標準(zhun)。“縣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提升計劃”要求各地進一步(bu)加(jia)大(da)普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)教育投(tou)入(ru)力度(du),并向縣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傾斜。各省(sheng)(區(qu)(qu)、市(shi))要科(ke)學(xue)核定普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辦學(xue)成本,適(shi)應經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)社會發(fa)展水(shui)平(ping),適(shi)時(shi)提高(gao)普(pu)通(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)費(fei)水(shui)平(ping),省(sheng)、市(shi)兩級要加(jia)大(da)對欠發(fa)達縣區(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)費(fei)投(tou)入(ru),確(que)保縣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)費(fei)足額撥付到校(xiao)。繼續實施好國(guo)(guo)家(jia)助學(xue)金和免學(xue)雜費(fei)政策,確(que)保家(jia)庭經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)困(kun)難(nan)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)順利(li)完成學(xue)業。
消除大班額,有效控制大規模學校
據統計, 2020年(nian)全國(guo)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)大(da)班(ban)額比(bi)例為9.45%,比(bi)2017年(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)了近(jin)21個百分點(dian),但中(zhong)西部地區大(da)班(ban)額比(bi)例仍高(gao)于全國(guo)平(ping)均(jun)水平(ping),部分地方還存在(zai)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)問題(ti),直接影響了教育質量,也(ye)不利于學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)管理和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生身(shen)心(xin)健康。對此,“縣中(zhong)提(ti)升(sheng)計劃”進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)提(ti)出(chu)了工(gong)作目標和(he)要求,一(yi)(yi)是加大(da)消除(chu)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)大(da)班(ban)額專項(xiang)規(gui)劃實(shi)施力(li)度,全面消除(chu)56人(ren)及(ji)以上大(da)班(ban)額,普(pu)通(tong)(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)新入學(xue)(xue)(xue)年(nian)級班(ban)額不得(de)超過55人(ren);二是對現有的大(da)規(gui)模(mo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),各地要結(jie)合(he)實(shi)際制訂(ding)規(gui)模(mo)壓減實(shi)施方案(an),積極穩妥化解大(da)規(gui)模(mo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),并(bing)(bing)隨(sui)著辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)規(gui)模(mo)調(diao)整,優化校(xiao)(xiao)舍資源配置和(he)功能結(jie)構,有效改善教學(xue)(xue)(xue)條件(jian)和(he)學(xue)(xue)(xue)習生活(huo)環境;嚴禁隨(sui)意撤并(bing)(bing)縣中(zhong),新建(jian)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)高(gao)中(zhong)規(gui)模(mo)不得(de)超過3000人(ren),防止出(chu)現新的大(da)規(gui)模(mo)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)。
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中國教育在線
