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　　亞(ya)洲內(nei)陸干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)是全球最大的(de)(de)非地帶(dai)性干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)，水(shui)(shui)是干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)最為寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)資(zi)源，亞(ya)洲內(nei)陸干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)湖泊(bo)(bo)是區(qu)域重要的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源組成部分，也是維系脆弱(ruo)山地-綠洲-沙(sha)漠生態系統的(de)(de)重要保(bao)障。由于中亞(ya)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)準確水(shui)(shui)位變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)記錄缺乏，干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)湖泊(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)位變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)受到季風-西風不(bu)同(tong)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)系統以及冰川融水(shui)(shui)、人(ren)類用水(shui)(shui)等(deng)多因(yin)素影響，湖泊(bo)(bo)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)機制異(yi)常復(fu)雜，導(dao)致對氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)如何影響亞(ya)洲內(nei)陸干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)湖泊(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)認識還存在極大爭議，是亟待解決的(de)(de)重要前沿科學問題。

　　近日，蘭州(zhou)大(da)學(xue)資源環境學(xue)院李國強教授研究團(tuan)隊(dui)關于冰(bing)川(chuan)融(rong)水與(yu)西(xi)風(feng)-季(ji)風(feng)氣候系統驅動亞洲(zhou)內陸干旱(han)區(qu)湖泊水位異(yi)步(bu)變(bian)化的研究成(cheng)果以“Asynchronous Holocene lake evolution in arid mid-latitude Asia is driven by glacial meltwater and variations in Westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon”為(wei)題(ti)在國際知(zhi)名(ming)地學(xue)期刊(kan)(kan)(kan)《Geological Society of America Bulletin》(美(mei)國地質學(xue)會會刊(kan)(kan)(kan)，地球(qiu)科(ke)學(xue)一區(qu)期刊(kan)(kan)(kan))上發(fa)表。

亞洲內陸干(gan)旱區及研究記錄點(dian)分(fen)布圖(tu)：(a) 本(ben)研究集成(cheng)的(de)干(gan)旱區氣候-水(shui)文變化(hua)記錄位置，紅色五角(jiao)星為艾(ai)比湖(hu)位置;(b)艾(ai)比湖(hu)地(di)形地(di)貌圖(tu)，棕色部(bu)分(fen)顯示(shi)了(le)艾(ai)比湖(hu)距今1萬年(nian)到8千年(nian)最高水(shui)位時期的(de)湖(hu)泊面積。

　　研究(jiu)人員(yuan)通過對(dui)中亞(ya)干旱(han)(han)區典(dian)型湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)-艾比(bi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)20條古湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸(an)堤開展了(le)(le)系統的(de)(de)地貌調查、準(zhun)確高(gao)程測量及野外采樣(yang)工作(圖(tu)1)，在實驗室利用單顆粒鉀長石(shi)釋光測年(nian)技術，解決了(le)(le)河流及湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸(an)沉積(ji)(ji)等(deng)復雜沉積(ji)(ji)歷史(shi)(shi)導致信(xin)號(hao)歸零不(bu)(bu)充(chong)分樣(yang)品定年(nian)問題，重建了(le)(le)距今(jin)1.8萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)以來湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)準(zhun)確水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化歷史(shi)(shi)。結(jie)果表明，現(xian)(xian)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深不(bu)(bu)到1.5米的(de)(de)艾比(bi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)，在距今(jin)1.8萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)到1.2萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)之間(jian)(jian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)為(wei)小于(yu)3米的(de)(de)低(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)狀態，此后湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)顯著(zhu)上(shang)升(sheng)，在距今(jin)1萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)到8千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)時(shi)期形成(cheng)了(le)(le)高(gao)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)代湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面36米的(de)(de)高(gao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面。隨后，距今(jin)7千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)到4千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)持續下降(jiang)(jiang)并(bing)低(di)至10米，距今(jin)4-1千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)再次(ci)上(shang)升(sheng)且在10-30米之間(jian)(jian)劇(ju)烈波動。艾比(bi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化表現(xian)(xian)出(chu)與(yu)西(xi)風(feng)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)特征。距今(jin)1萬(wan)(wan)到8千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)的(de)(de)早(zao)全(quan)新(xin)世(shi)高(gao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面主要與(yu)夏季太陽輻射驅動的(de)(de)天(tian)山冰(bing)(bing)川融(rong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)增加有關。在此基礎上(shang)，結(jie)合(he)流域(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文模型集成(cheng)分析(xi)了(le)(le)干旱(han)(han)區湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化空間(jian)(jian)差異與(yu)機制(圖(tu)2)，發現(xian)(xian)干旱(han)(han)區西(xi)部湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)受西(xi)風(feng)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)冰(bing)(bing)川融(rong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)共同(tong)影(ying)響，而干旱(han)(han)區東部湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)主要受控于(yu)夏季風(feng)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化，西(xi)風(feng)-季風(feng)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)步(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化與(yu)冰(bing)(bing)川融(rong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)調諧是導致萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)-千(qian)(qian)(qian)年(nian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)尺度干旱(han)(han)區東西(xi)部湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)異步(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)根本原因。

　　該研究表(biao)明，冰川融水(shui)(shui)(shui)的調諧在(zai)自(zi)然氣候變化(hua)(hua)背景(jing)下內陸干旱區(qu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位變化(hua)(hua)中起到了關鍵作(zuo)用。在(zai)未來(lai)西風(feng)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)略微增加(jia)(jia)，全球變暖導(dao)致冰川融水(shui)(shui)(shui)增加(jia)(jia)情景(jing)下，中亞(ya)(ya)干旱區(qu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位預(yu)期將可能持(chi)續(xu)(xu)上(shang)升，而東亞(ya)(ya)干旱區(qu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)由于季(ji)風(feng)減弱，湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位將可能持(chi)續(xu)(xu)降低。值得注意(yi)的是，盡管近幾十年(nian)來(lai)西風(feng)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)和冰川融水(shui)(shui)(shui)不斷增加(jia)(jia)，中亞(ya)(ya)許多湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)由于水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源的過度利(li)用而持(chi)續(xu)(xu)萎縮，一(yi)些湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)面臨干涸的分(fen)險，這進一(yi)步(bu)強調了加(jia)(jia)強工農業(ye)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理在(zai)維持(chi)區(qu)域湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位及脆(cui)弱干旱-綠洲(zhou)生態系統方面的重要性。

　　李國(guo)(guo)(guo)強教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)為研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)論文的(de)第一(yi)作(zuo)者(zhe)和(he)第一(yi)通訊作(zuo)者(zhe)，蘭州大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)為第一(yi)完成(cheng)單位(wei)。中科(ke)(ke)院青(qing)海(hai)鹽湖(hu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所王懿萱高(gao)級工程師為共(gong)同(tong)通訊作(zuo)者(zhe)，蘭州大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金明博士、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生王曉艷(yan)和(he)秦(qin)彩(cai)欣、成(cheng)都信(xin)息工程大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)楊和(he)博士、南通大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)趙文偉教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)和(he)陳春珠(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、英國(guo)(guo)(guo)格拉(la)斯哥大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)Tara N. Jonell、南京大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)張(zhang)肖劍副(fu)教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)內華達(da)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雷諾分(fen)校David Madsen教(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外多家(jia)(jia)單位(wei)十余位(wei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)共(gong)同(tong)參(can)與了本(ben)項(xiang)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。本(ben)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)得到(dao)了國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)自然科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基金面上項(xiang)目(mu)(項(xiang)目(mu)編(bian)號(hao)：42071101)，蘭州大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)優秀青(qing)年支持計劃項(xiang)目(mu)(項(xiang)目(mu)編(bian)號(hao)：lzujbky-2021-ey22)，第二(er)次青(qing)藏高(gao)原綜(zong)合(he)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)考察專(zhuan)題(ti)(專(zhuan)題(ti)編(bian)號(hao)：2019QZKK0602)，甘肅省杰出青(qing)年基金項(xiang)目(mu)(項(xiang)目(mu)號(hao)：23JRRA1016)共(gong)同(tong)資助。

　　文章鏈接(jie)：//pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-abstract/doi/10.1130/B37288.1/638153/Asynchronous-Holocene-lake-evolution-in-arid-mid?redirectedFrom=fulltext