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面向數字化智能化職業場景 加快培養大批高素質現場工程師

　　為(wei)深入貫徹落實黨的二十大(da)(da)精(jing)神，推(tui)進職普融通、產教(jiao)融合(he)、科教(jiao)融匯，進一步增強職業(ye)教(jiao)育服務國(guo)(guo)(guo)家戰略能力，面向數字化(hua)智能化(hua)職業(ye)場景(jing)，加快培養(yang)大(da)(da)批高素質現(xian)場工程(cheng)(cheng)師，近日，教(jiao)育部(bu)、工業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息化(hua)部(bu)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)資委、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)工程(cheng)(cheng)院(yuan)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工商聯等五部(bu)門聯合(he)印發通知，啟動實施“職業(ye)教(jiao)育現(xian)場工程(cheng)(cheng)師專項培養(yang)計劃(hua)”(以下簡稱“專項培養(yang)計劃(hua)”)。就此，教(jiao)育部(bu)職業(ye)教(jiao)育與成人教(jiao)育司負責人就有關問題回答了記者(zhe)提問。

　　一、請簡要介紹一下“專項培養計劃”的內涵。

　　答：“專項培養(yang)計(ji)劃”主要面向先進制造業、戰略性新(xin)興產業等(deng)重點領域的數字化(hua)、智能化(hua)職業場景，面向人(ren)才緊缺技(ji)術崗(gang)位，通過匯(hui)總發布生產企業崗(gang)位需求，對接匹配職業教(jiao)育優質資(zi)源，以中國特色學(xue)徒(tu)制為主要培養(yang)形式，多方合作(zuo)培養(yang)一大批(pi)具備(bei)工(gong)匠(jiang)精神，精操作(zuo)、懂(dong)工(gong)藝、會管理、善協(xie)作(zuo)、能創新(xin)的現(xian)場工(gong)程(cheng)師，建(jian)設一批(pi)現(xian)場工(gong)程(cheng)師學(xue)院。預計(ji)到2025年，累計(ji)培養(yang)不少于20萬(wan)名(ming)現(xian)場工(gong)程(cheng)師。

　　二、請介紹一下“專項培養計劃”出臺的背景。

　　答：伴隨新一(yi)輪科技革(ge)命(ming)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)變革(ge)，產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)升級和經(jing)濟結構調(diao)整不斷加快，迫切需(xu)要優化(hua)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)供給結構，推進我國工(gong)程教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)改革(ge)發展和職(zhi)普(pu)融通，提(ti)高職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)適應性(xing)，培養具備(bei)終身學習能力(li)、適應科技革(ge)命(ming)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)變革(ge)需(xu)要的(de)工(gong)程領(ling)(ling)域技術(shu)技能人(ren)才(cai)。出臺專項培養計(ji)劃，就是要聚焦(jiao)技術(shu)技能人(ren)才(cai)、應用技術(shu)人(ren)才(cai)需(xu)求重點領(ling)(ling)域，集聚優質資(zi)源，打破產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)藩籬，采取創(chuang)新舉措，加快探(tan)索形成中國特色、世界水平(ping)的(de)工(gong)程師培養體(ti)系，助力(li)建設愛黨(dang)報國、敬業(ye)(ye)奉獻(xian)、具有突出技術(shu)創(chuang)新能力(li)、善于解決復雜工(gong)程問題，包(bao)括(kuo)現(xian)場工(gong)程師等在內的(de)高水平(ping)工(gong)程師隊伍(wu)。

　　三、“專項培養計劃”與常規人才培養相比有哪些特點？

　　答(da)：主要有三個特點：一是完善(shan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師培(pei)(pei)(pei)養體系。通過實(shi)施專項計(ji)劃，探索通過職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)(pei)養工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)(de)規律，形(xing)成現場工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養標準(zhun)，增(zeng)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基(ji)(ji)礎、通用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)、行(xing)動能力培(pei)(pei)(pei)養培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)，增(zeng)強(qiang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方式(shi)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)設備實(shi)訓(xun)實(shi)踐(jian)，增(zeng)強(qiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)思維(wei)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)匠精(jing)(jing)神、人(ren)文素養交(jiao)(jiao)叉融合，貫通培(pei)(pei)(pei)養現場工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師，形(xing)成為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)才(cai)緊缺領域(yu)儲(chu)能賦能的(de)(de)新機制(zhi)。二是打造(zao)校(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)運共同體。首先由產(chan)(chan)業(ye)部門遴選一批企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)，設立學(xue)(xue)徒崗位(wei)、明確崗位(wei)要求，選派(pai)技(ji)術(shu)骨干承(cheng)擔(dan)專業(ye)課教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)，指導崗位(wei)實(shi)踐(jian)，建設產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融合實(shi)訓(xun)基(ji)(ji)地、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)訓(xun)練(lian)中心。教(jiao)育部門引導職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)院校(xiao)與(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)資源共享、優勢互補，推(tui)動專業(ye)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)對接，學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養規格(ge)層次、目(mu)標與(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)需求精(jing)(jing)準(zhun)匹配，推(tui)動形(xing)成產(chan)(chan)教(jiao)融合新生(sheng)態。三是推(tui)廣中國特色學(xue)(xue)徒制(zhi)。校(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)共建以高層次學(xue)(xue)徒制(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養為主的(de)(de)現場工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師學(xue)(xue)院，校(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)簽訂學(xue)(xue)徒培(pei)(pei)(pei)養協議，明確學(xue)(xue)徒的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或見(jian)習(xi)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)身份享受相關(guan)待遇，落實(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)教(jiao)育經費(fei)用(yong)于學(xue)(xue)徒培(pei)(pei)(pei)養和(he)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)育。創新工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)交(jiao)(jiao)替(ti)、育訓(xun)并舉的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)徒培(pei)(pei)(pei)養培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)模(mo)式(shi)，基(ji)(ji)于真(zhen)實(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)任務靈活組(zu)織教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)，設計(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)交(jiao)(jiao)替(ti)課時比例安排，校(xiao)企(qi)(qi)(qi)合作開(kai)發優質課程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及數(shu)字資源，面(mian)向企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)在職(zhi)(zhi)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)展入(ru)職(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)、專業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)和(he)數(shu)字能力提(ti)升培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)。

　　四、下一步“專項培養計劃”實施有何考慮？

　　答：專(zhuan)項培養計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)充分考慮職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)特點，重(zhong)視發(fa)揮行(xing)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門、行(xing)業(ye)組織、企事業(ye)單(dan)位和社會組織各方參與職業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)積極性(xing)、主(zhu)動性(xing)，凝(ning)聚各方合(he)力(li)。一是由教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)(bu)會同工(gong)(gong)業(ye)和信息化(hua)部(bu)(bu)、國務(wu)院(yuan)國資委(wei)、中國工(gong)(gong)程院(yuan)、全國工(gong)(gong)商聯等建(jian)立聯合(he)工(gong)(gong)作機制，負責(ze)專(zhuan)項培養計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)規劃(hua)(hua)設計(ji)和組織實(shi)施。二是組建(jian)“專(zhuan)項培養計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)”專(zhuan)家委(wei)員會，負責(ze)開展(zhan)項目專(zhuan)家審(shen)核、指(zhi)導(dao)項目實(shi)施、驗收評價。三是分批分領域(yu)(yu)推進(jin)，各聯合(he)發(fa)文單(dan)位共同研(yan)究確(que)定布局(ju)領域(yu)(yu)和批次安排，率先(xian)(xian)在先(xian)(xian)進(jin)制造(zao)業(ye)重(zhong)點領域(yu)(yu)啟動，逐步(bu)擴大到其他重(zhong)點領域(yu)(yu)。四是強化(hua)工(gong)(gong)作協(xie)同，有(you)關(guan)行(xing)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)門分別征集推薦參與企業(ye)及擬設立的(de)(de)學(xue)徒崗(gang)位，提出(chu)對合(he)作職業(ye)院(yuan)校的(de)(de)條件(jian)要求(qiu);教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部(bu)(bu)審(shen)核匯(hui)總發(fa)布相關(guan)信息，省級教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)行(xing)政部(bu)(bu)門會同省內有(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門組織有(you)關(guan)職業(ye)院(yuan)校主(zhu)動對接(jie)企業(ye)共商合(he)作培養方案并聯合(he)申報。

　　五、“專項培養計劃”主要有哪些激勵保障措施？

　　答：為保證計(ji)劃(hua)順利實(shi)施，我們會同(tong)有(you)關方面配套了(le)以(yi)下激勵(li)(li)保障(zhang)措施：一是對參(can)與項(xiang)目的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，在產教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合(he)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)認(ren)定時予以(yi)傾斜(xie)，對納入的(de)(de)產教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合(he)型(xing)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)給(gei)予“金(jin)融(rong)(rong)+財政+土地(di)(di)(di)”組合(he)式(shi)激勵(li)(li)，鼓勵(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)方對參(can)與學(xue)徒(tu)培(pei)養(yang)的(de)(de)有(you)關企(qi)(qi)業(ye)進行補貼。二(er)是對參(can)與項(xiang)目的(de)(de)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)，將學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)參(can)與情況作(zuo)(zuo)為高(gao)職(zhi)(zhi)“雙(shuang)高(gao)計(ji)劃(hua)”、中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)“雙(shuang)優(you)計(ji)劃(hua)”等項(xiang)目考核遴(lin)選的(de)(de)參(can)考。三是鼓勵(li)(li)相關省(區(qu)、市(shi))統籌使用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)方教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)附加和現代職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)質(zhi)量提升專項(xiang)資金(jin)，對項(xiang)目學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)給(gei)予支(zhi)持，對實(shi)施績效(xiao)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)給(gei)予獎勵(li)(li)，支(zhi)持項(xiang)目學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)與合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)共(gong)同(tong)加大產教(jiao)(jiao)融(rong)(rong)合(he)實(shi)訓基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)、工程訓練中(zhong)心等的(de)(de)建(jian)設投(tou)入并給(gei)予相應的(de)(de)用(yong)地(di)(di)(di)、公用(yong)事(shi)業(ye)費等優(you)惠。四(si)是教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部與中(zhong)國銀行簽署了(le)“助力職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展戰略(lve)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)”，為專項(xiang)培(pei)養(yang)計(ji)劃(hua)設立(li)了(le)獎學(xue)金(jin)。