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　　為深入貫(guan)徹習近(jin)平(ping)新(xin)時代中(zhong)(zhong)國特色社(she)會主義(yi)思(si)想，落實(shi)(shi)立(li)德樹人根本(ben)任(ren)務(wu)，促(cu)進育(yu)(yu)人方(fang)式改革，引導(dao)廣大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校聚焦(jiao)新(xin)課程、新(xin)教改目(mu)(mu)標(biao)要求，開足開齊開好(hao)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)課，夯實(shi)(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)基(ji)(ji)礎，提升科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教育(yu)(yu)質(zhi)量，培養(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生的科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)維(wei)能力(li)、科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)探究(jiu)和實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)能力(li)、科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)態度與社(she)會責(ze)任(ren)感，教育(yu)(yu)部基(ji)(ji)礎教育(yu)(yu)司(si)委托教育(yu)(yu)部教育(yu)(yu)技術與資源(yuan)發展中(zhong)(zhong)心(中(zhong)(zhong)央電化教育(yu)(yu)館)組織研制并發布了《中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)(2023年版)》(以下簡(jian)稱《基(ji)(ji)本(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)》)。

　　《基本(ben)目錄》的研制以(yi)現行課程(cheng)標準為(wei)依據，以(yi)各(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)裝(zhuang)備配置(zhi)標準和教材為(wei)參考，梳理(li)(li)(li)(li)了新課程(cheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li)念下構建學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科核(he)心(xin)(xin)概念、核(he)心(xin)(xin)規(gui)律、核(he)心(xin)(xin)實驗素(su)養與(yu)技(ji)能所應開(kai)展的基礎(chu)性實驗及實踐(jian)活(huo)動(dong)，包括(kuo)小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)數學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、信(xin)息(xi)科技(ji)，初中數學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、物理(li)(li)(li)(li)、化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生物學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、地理(li)(li)(li)(li)、信(xin)息(xi)科技(ji)，高中數學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、物理(li)(li)(li)(li)、化學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、生物學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、地理(li)(li)(li)(li)、信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術和通(tong)用技(ji)術16個(ge)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科的900多(duo)項(xiang)實驗與(yu)實踐(jian)活(huo)動(dong)，涵蓋觀察、測(ce)(ce)量(liang)、探究、模擬、設(she)計(ji)、編程(cheng)、制作、種(zhong)植、養殖、參觀、調查、測(ce)(ce)繪、試驗等豐(feng)富(fu)多(duo)樣的實踐(jian)活(huo)動(dong)形式。

　　《基(ji)本(ben)目錄(lu)(lu)》立足中(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)現狀(zhuang)、發展(zhan)(zhan)需求(qiu)與典(dian)型(xing)問題(ti)(ti)，兼顧滿足區域差異、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)段(duan)貫通、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)特征、教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)多樣化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多方(fang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際需求(qiu)，努力突出基(ji)礎(chu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、典(dian)型(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、系(xi)(xi)統性(xing)(xing)(xing)、育(yu)(yu)(yu)人性(xing)(xing)(xing)。從基(ji)礎(chu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)看(kan)(kan)，《基(ji)本(ben)目錄(lu)(lu)》以課程(cheng)標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容主(zhu)題(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)線索，梳(shu)理(li)了各學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)應開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)內(nei)容，明確了應開(kai)必開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，確保學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)充分經(jing)歷(li)探索自(zi)然、獲取科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)知識、培養(yang)(yang)(yang)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)思(si)維、解(jie)決科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)問題(ti)(ti)和工(gong)程(cheng)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習體驗。從典(dian)型(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)看(kan)(kan)，《基(ji)本(ben)目錄(lu)(lu)》充分考慮學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)特征和實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)類(lei)型(xing)，基(ji)于(yu)規范的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)研究范式、工(gong)程(cheng)技術設計與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施流程(cheng)，提(ti)煉了自(zi)然科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)探究與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、技術類(lei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一般流程(cheng)與方(fang)法，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現單項技能(neng)、技藝等(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗技能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培養(yang)(yang)(yang)向模(mo)(mo)型(xing)構建、推(tui)理(li)論證、分析綜合、創(chuang)新思(si)維等(deng)高階(jie)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)培養(yang)(yang)(yang)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)與課程(cheng)化(hua)，著力培養(yang)(yang)(yang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)復雜問題(ti)(ti)解(jie)決能(neng)力、創(chuang)新能(neng)力與實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)能(neng)力。從系(xi)(xi)統性(xing)(xing)(xing)看(kan)(kan)，《基(ji)本(ben)目錄(lu)(lu)》遵循實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)能(neng)力進階(jie)培養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)，系(xi)(xi)統甄選提(ti)煉各學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)段(duan)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，減少學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)段(duan)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)之(zhi)間重復、碎片化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗項目，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)段(duan)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)融(rong)合發展(zhan)(zhan)，為(wei)(wei)跨學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習、項目式學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)供有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法與途徑。從育(yu)(yu)(yu)人性(xing)(xing)(xing)看(kan)(kan)，《基(ji)本(ben)目錄(lu)(lu)》堅持五(wu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)并舉，德育(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)先(xian)，充分采納調查研究、展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)交(jiao)流、地圖繪制、海報(bao)制作、應急演練、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)急救等(deng)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)形式，將我國(guo)先(xian)進科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技術文化(hua)、國(guo)家安(an)全、經(jing)濟戰(zhan)略、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)安(an)全與健(jian)康等(deng)重大教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)題(ti)(ti)融(rong)入科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與技術類(lei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，為(wei)(wei)將學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)培養(yang)(yang)(yang)成有(you)理(li)想(xiang)、有(you)本(ben)領、有(you)擔當的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會主(zhu)義(yi)建設者和接班人奠定堅實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)素養(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)礎(chu)。

　　用(yong)(yong)好(hao)《基本(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)》對(dui)(dui)落實(shi)(shi)(shi)在“雙減”中(zhong)(zhong)做(zuo)好(hao)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)加法和(he)培養復合型創(chuang)新型人才具有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)意義(yi)。要(yao)(yao)依(yi)據(ju)《基本(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)》做(zuo)好(hao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)規劃，將基本(ben)(ben)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)優先保證(zheng)的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)，開(kai)足開(kai)齊開(kai)好(hao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)與實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)活動，注(zhu)重(zhong)依(yi)據(ju)《基本(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)》深(shen)化(hua)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)方式改革，將實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)探究實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)作(zuo)為(wei)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)和(he)技術類(lei)課(ke)(ke)程體系的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)納(na)入學(xue)(xue)科(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)基本(ben)(ben)規范(fan)，針對(dui)(dui)不同(tong)學(xue)(xue)段(duan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)要(yao)(yao)求精(jing)心設計實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)，強(qiang)化(hua)做(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)、用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)、創(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)，體現實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)性、綜合性，努力推(tui)動學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)學(xue)(xue)會在真實(shi)(shi)(shi)情境中(zhong)(zhong)解決復雜的問題、完(wan)成真實(shi)(shi)(shi)的任務。要(yao)(yao)以《基本(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)》實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)為(wei)基礎，加強(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)小學(xue)(xue)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)建設，支持探索建設學(xue)(xue)科(ke)功能(neng)教(jiao)(jiao)室(shi)、綜合實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、創(chuang)新實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室(shi)、教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)創(chuang)客空間等多樣化(hua)的實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)空間，做(zuo)好(hao)各(ge)學(xue)(xue)科(ke)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)裝(zhuang)備(bei)配置，保障實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)條件。要(yao)(yao)參考《基本(ben)(ben)目(mu)(mu)錄(lu)》加強(qiang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)評價和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)考查，將學(xue)(xue)校實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)課(ke)(ke)開(kai)設情況納(na)入教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)視導和(he)日常督(du)導，開(kai)展教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)裝(zhuang)備(bei)配備(bei)達(da)標率、使用(yong)(yong)率監測，不斷提升(sheng)師生(sheng)實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能(neng)力和(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)創(chuang)新能(neng)力。